如何配置每 15 分钟滚动一次日志文件的 log4j 文件附加程序

Question

我知道我可以使用 DailyRollingFileAppender 每月、每天、每半天、每小时或每分钟滚动日志文件。但是如何配置 log4j 以每 15 分钟滚动一次日志文件。

如果通过配置无法做到这一点，请建议/指导我如何扩展 log4j 的文件附加程序来实现这一点。

感谢和问候。

Answer 1

Log4J 中DailyRollingFileAppender 的Javadoc 表明基于时间的滚动只发生在基于单位的滚动（日、周、月等）上。这意味着您可以使用该模式获得的最接近的是'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm，它会每分钟滚动一次。

我的建议是执行以下操作之一：

• 由于您以固定间隔运行，因此请编写一个自定义 FileAppender，使用从 DailyRollingFileAppender 借用的逻辑进行计算
• 如果您有一定的灵活性，请从 Log4J 切换到 LOGBack，并使用从 LOGBack 时间计算中借用的逻辑编写自定义 RollingPolicy（这将与 Log4J 中的逻辑非常相似）

顺便说一句，如果您选择后者，我建议您考虑编码到SLF4J API，并使用 LOGBack（或 Log4J）作为底层实现。

Answer 2

这是我用于每小时的代码。您可以每 15 分钟更改一次 - 请参阅方法 nextCalendar()。此代码基于DatedFileAppender。

package com.stackoverflow.log4j;

import java.io.File;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;

import org.apache.log4j.FileAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;

/**
 * Based on biz.minaret.log4j.DatedFileAppender, 
 * decompiled with JAD,
 * revised to use optional hours.
 */
public class DistinctDailyFileAppender extends FileAppender {

public static final String DEFAULT_DIRECTORY = "logs";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".txt";
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "";

private String directory = DEFAULT_DIRECTORY;
private String prefix = DEFAULT_PREFIX;
private String suffix = DEFAULT_SUFFIX;
private File currentPath = null;
private Calendar currentCalendar = null;
private long nextTime = 0l;
private boolean hourly = false;

/**
 * Constructor.
 */
public DistinctDailyFileAppender() {}

/**
 * This method is automatically called once by the system, 
 * immediately after all properties are set, prior to release.
 */
public void activateOptions() {

    currentPath = new File(directory);
    if (!currentPath.isAbsolute()) {        
        errorHandler.error("Directory failure for appender [" + name + "] : " + directory);
        return;
    }

    currentPath.mkdirs();

    // We can write; initialize calendar
    if (currentPath.canWrite()) {
        currentCalendar = Calendar.getInstance();
    } else {
        errorHandler.error("Cannot write for appender [" + name + "] : " + directory);
        return;
    }       
}

/**
 * This is called, synchronized by parent.
 */
public void append(LoggingEvent event) {

    if (layout == null) {
        errorHandler.error("No layout set for appender [" + name + "].");
        return;
    }

    if (currentCalendar == null) {
        errorHandler.error("Improper initialization for appender [" + name + "].");
        return;
    }

    long nowTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
    if (nowTime >= nextTime) {
        currentCalendar.setTime(new Date(nowTime));
        String timestamp = generateTimestamp(currentCalendar);
        nextCalendar(currentCalendar);
        nextTime = currentCalendar.getTime().getTime();
        File file = new File(currentPath, prefix + timestamp + suffix);
        fileName = file.getAbsolutePath();
        super.activateOptions();
    }

    if (super.qw == null) {

        errorHandler.error("No output stream or file set for the appender named [" + name + "].");
        return;

    } else {

        subAppend(event);
        return;

    }
}

protected String generateTimestamp(Calendar calendar) {

    int year = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
    int month = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
    int day = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
    int hour = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
    int minutes = calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
    int seconds = calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND);

    StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();

    if (year < 1000) {
        buffer.append('0');
        if (year < 100) {
            buffer.append('0');
            if (year < 10) {
                buffer.append('0');
            }
        }
    }
    buffer.append(Integer.toString(year));
    buffer.append('-');

    if (month < 10) {
        buffer.append('0');
    }
    buffer.append(Integer.toString(month));
    buffer.append('-');

    if (day < 10) {
        buffer.append('0');
    }
    buffer.append(Integer.toString(day));
    buffer.append('_');

    if (hour < 10) {
        buffer.append('0');
    }
    buffer.append(Integer.toString(hour));

    if (minutes < 10) {
        buffer.append('0');
    }
    buffer.append(Integer.toString(minutes));

    if (seconds < 10) {
        buffer.append('0');
    }
    buffer.append(Integer.toString(seconds));

    return buffer.toString();
}

protected void nextCalendar(Calendar calendar) {
    int i = calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR);
    int j = calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH);

    if (hourly) { 
        int k = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH);
        int l = calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY) + 1;
        calendar.clear();
        calendar.set(i, j, k, l, 0);
    } else {
        int k = calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH) + 1;
        calendar.clear();
        calendar.set(i, j, k);
    }
}

public String getDirectory() {
    return directory;
}

public void setDirectory(String directory) {
    if (directory == null || directory.length() == 0) {
        this.directory = "."; // Set to here
    } else {
        this.directory = directory;
    }
}

public String getPrefix() {
    return prefix;
}

public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
    if (prefix == null) {
        this.prefix = DEFAULT_PREFIX; // Set to default
    } else {
        this.prefix = prefix;
    }
}

public String getSuffix() {
    return suffix;
}

public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
    if (suffix == null) {
        this.suffix = ""; // Set to empty, not default
    } else {
        this.suffix = suffix;
    }
}

public void setHourly(boolean hourly) {
    this.hourly = hourly;
}

public boolean isHourly() {
    return this.hourly;
}
}

这是我的 appender XML sn-p:

<appender name="PRIMARY_APPENDER" class="com.stackoverflow.log4j.DistinctDailyFileAppender">
  <param name="Threshold" value="DEBUG"/>
  <param name="Directory" value="X:\\apps\\logs\\cheese\\"/>
  <param name="Append" value="true"/>
  <param name="Hourly" value="true"/>
  <param name="Prefix" value="appname_log."/>
  <param name="Suffix" value=".txt"/>

  <layout class="org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout">
    <param name="ConversionPattern" value="%d{HH:mm:ss,SSS} %-5p [%.3t] %-14.14c{1} %m%n"/>
  </layout>
</appender>

Answer 3

我创建了这个附加程序。它是 DailyRollingFileAppender 的副本，只是进行了一些更改。首先，我删除类型 HALF_DAY（这里它没有任何意义）并添加一个变量 timeInterval。现在这个日志到文件中每 x 的东西取决于 datePatter。例如：

此日志每 2 分钟一次

log4j.appender.APP=path.to.class.CustomRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.APP.DatePattern=.yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm
log4j.appender.APP.TimeInterval=2

此日志每 3 小时一次

log4j.appender.APP=path.to.class.CustomRollingFileAppender
log4j.appender.APP.DatePattern=.yyyy-MM-dd-HH
log4j.appender.APP.TimeInterval=3

CustomRollingFileAppender ：

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 * 
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 * 
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.TimeZone;

import org.apache.log4j.FileAppender;
import org.apache.log4j.Layout;
import org.apache.log4j.helpers.LogLog;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;

/**
 * DailyRollingFileAppender extends {@link FileAppender} so that the underlying file is rolled over at a user chosen
 * frequency.
 * 
 * <p>
 * The rolling schedule is specified by the <b>DatePattern</b> option. This pattern should follow the
 * {@link SimpleDateFormat} conventions. In particular, you <em>must</em> escape literal text within a pair of single
 * quotes. A formatted version of the date pattern is used as the suffix for the rolled file name.
 * 
 * <p>
 * For example, if the <b>File</b> option is set to <code>/foo/bar.log</code> and the <b>DatePattern</b> set to
 * <code>'.'yyyy-MM-dd</code>, on 2001-02-16 at midnight, the logging file <code>/foo/bar.log</code> will be copied to
 * <code>/foo/bar.log.2001-02-16</code> and logging for 2001-02-17 will continue in <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it
 * rolls over the next day.
 * 
 * <p>
 * Is is possible to specify monthly, weekly, half-daily, daily, hourly, or minutely rollover schedules.
 * 
 * <p>
 * <table border="1" cellpadding="2">
 * <tr>
 * <th>DatePattern</th>
 * <th>Rollover schedule</th>
 * <th>Example</th>
 * 
 * <tr>
 * <td><code>'.'yyyy-MM</code>
 * <td>Rollover at the beginning of each month</td>
 * 
 * <td>At midnight of May 31st, 2002 <code>/foo/bar.log</code> will be copied to <code>/foo/bar.log.2002-05</code>.
 * Logging for the month of June will be output to <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it is also rolled over the next
 * month.
 * 
 * <tr>
 * <td><code>'.'yyyy-ww</code>
 * 
 * <td>Rollover at the first day of each week. The first day of the week depends on the locale.</td>
 * 
 * <td>Assuming the first day of the week is Sunday, on Saturday midnight, June 9th 2002, the file <i>/foo/bar.log</i>
 * will be copied to <i>/foo/bar.log.2002-23</i>. Logging for the 24th week of 2002 will be output to
 * <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it is rolled over the next week.
 * 
 * <tr>
 * <td><code>'.'yyyy-MM-dd</code>
 * 
 * <td>Rollover at midnight each day.</td>
 * 
 * <td>At midnight, on March 8th, 2002, <code>/foo/bar.log</code> will be copied to <code>/foo/bar.log.2002-03-08</code>
 * . Logging for the 9th day of March will be output to <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it is rolled over the next day.
 * 
 * <tr>
 * <td><code>'.'yyyy-MM-dd-a</code>
 * 
 * <td>Rollover at midnight and midday of each day.</td>
 * 
 * <td>At noon, on March 9th, 2002, <code>/foo/bar.log</code> will be copied to <code>/foo/bar.log.2002-03-09-AM</code>.
 * Logging for the afternoon of the 9th will be output to <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it is rolled over at midnight.
 * 
 * <tr>
 * <td><code>'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH</code>
 * 
 * <td>Rollover at the top of every hour.</td>
 * 
 * <td>At approximately 11:00.000 o'clock on March 9th, 2002, <code>/foo/bar.log</code> will be copied to
 * <code>/foo/bar.log.2002-03-09-10</code>. Logging for the 11th hour of the 9th of March will be output to
 * <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it is rolled over at the beginning of the next hour.
 * 
 * 
 * <tr>
 * <td><code>'.'yyyy-MM-dd-HH-mm</code>
 * 
 * <td>Rollover at the beginning of every minute.</td>
 * 
 * <td>At approximately 11:23,000, on March 9th, 2001, <code>/foo/bar.log</code> will be copied to
 * <code>/foo/bar.log.2001-03-09-10-22</code>. Logging for the minute of 11:23 (9th of March) will be output to
 * <code>/foo/bar.log</code> until it is rolled over the next minute.
 * 
 * </table>
 * 
 * <p>
 * Do not use the colon ":" character in anywhere in the <b>DatePattern</b> option. The text before the colon is
 * interpeted as the protocol specificaion of a URL which is probably not what you want.
 * 
 * @author Eirik Lygre
 * @author Ceki G&uuml;lc&uuml;
 */
public class CustomRollingFileAppender extends FileAppender {

    // The code assumes that the following constants are in a increasing
    // sequence.
    static final int TOP_OF_TROUBLE = -1;
    static final int TOP_OF_MINUTE = 0;
    static final int TOP_OF_HOUR = 1;
    static final int TOP_OF_DAY = 2;
    static final int TOP_OF_WEEK = 3;
    static final int TOP_OF_MONTH = 4;

    /**
     * The date pattern. By default, the pattern is set to "'.'yyyy-MM-dd" meaning daily rollover.
     */
    private String datePattern = "'.'yyyy-MM-dd";

    private int timeInterval = 1;

    /**
     * The log file will be renamed to the value of the scheduledFilename variable when the next interval is entered.
     * For example, if the rollover period is one hour, the log file will be renamed to the value of "scheduledFilename"
     * at the beginning of the next hour.
     * 
     * The precise time when a rollover occurs depends on logging activity.
     */
    private String scheduledFilename;

    /**
     * The next time we estimate a rollover should occur.
     */
    private long nextCheck = System.currentTimeMillis() - 1;

    Date now = new Date();

    SimpleDateFormat sdf;

    RollingCalendar rc = new RollingCalendar();

    int checkPeriod = TOP_OF_TROUBLE;

    // The gmtTimeZone is used only in computeCheckPeriod() method.
    static final TimeZone gmtTimeZone = TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT");

    /**
     * The default constructor does nothing.
     */
    public CustomRollingFileAppender() {
    }

    /**
     * Instantiate a <code>DailyRollingFileAppender</code> and open the file designated by <code>filename</code>. The
     * opened filename will become the ouput destination for this appender.
     */
    public CustomRollingFileAppender(Layout layout, String filename, String datePattern) throws IOException {
        super(layout, filename, true);
        this.datePattern = datePattern;
        activateOptions();
    }

    /**
     * The <b>DatePattern</b> takes a string in the same format as expected by {@link SimpleDateFormat}. This options
     * determines the rollover schedule.
     */
    public void setDatePattern(String pattern) {
        datePattern = pattern;
    }

    /** Returns the value of the <b>DatePattern</b> option. */
    public String getDatePattern() {
        return datePattern;
    }

    public void activateOptions() {
        super.activateOptions();
        if (datePattern != null && fileName != null) {
            now.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
            sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern);
            int type = computeCheckPeriod();
            printPeriodicity(type);
            rc.setType(type);
            rc.setTimeInterval(timeInterval);
            File file = new File(fileName);
            scheduledFilename = fileName + sdf.format(new Date(file.lastModified()));

        } else {
            LogLog.error("Either File or DatePattern options are not set for appender [" + name + "].");
        }
    }

    void printPeriodicity(int type) {
        switch (type) {
        case TOP_OF_MINUTE:
            LogLog.debug("Appender [" + name + "] to be rolled every " + timeInterval + " minutes.");
            break;
        case TOP_OF_HOUR:
            LogLog.debug("Appender [" + name + "] to be rolled every " + timeInterval + " hours.");
            break;
        case TOP_OF_DAY:
            LogLog.debug("Appender [" + name + "] to be rolled every " + timeInterval + " days.");
            break;
        case TOP_OF_WEEK:
            LogLog.debug("Appender [" + name + "] to be rolled every " + timeInterval + " weeks.");
            break;
        case TOP_OF_MONTH:
            LogLog.debug("Appender [" + name + "] to be rolled every " + timeInterval + " months.");
            break;
        default:
            LogLog.warn("Unknown periodicity for appender [" + name + "].");
        }
    }

    // This method computes the roll over period by looping over the
    // periods, starting with the shortest, and stopping when the r0 is
    // different from from r1, where r0 is the epoch formatted according
    // the datePattern (supplied by the user) and r1 is the
    // epoch+nextMillis(i) formatted according to datePattern. All date
    // formatting is done in GMT and not local format because the test
    // logic is based on comparisons relative to 1970-01-01 00:00:00
    // GMT (the epoch).

    int computeCheckPeriod() {
        RollingCalendar rollingCalendar = new RollingCalendar(gmtTimeZone, Locale.ENGLISH);
        // set sate to 1970-01-01 00:00:00 GMT
        Date epoch = new Date(0);
        if (datePattern != null) {
            for (int i = TOP_OF_MINUTE; i <= TOP_OF_MONTH; i++) {
                SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(datePattern);
                simpleDateFormat.setTimeZone(gmtTimeZone); // do all date formatting in GMT
                String r0 = simpleDateFormat.format(epoch);
                rollingCalendar.setType(i);
                Date next = new Date(rollingCalendar.getNextCheckMillis(epoch));
                String r1 = simpleDateFormat.format(next);
                // System.out.println("Type = "+i+", r0 = "+r0+", r1 = "+r1);
                if (r0 != null && r1 != null && !r0.equals(r1)) {
                    return i;
                }
            }
        }
        return TOP_OF_TROUBLE; // Deliberately head for trouble...
    }

    /**
     * Rollover the current file to a new file.
     */
    void rollOver() throws IOException {

        /* Compute filename, but only if datePattern is specified */
        if (datePattern == null) {
            errorHandler.error("Missing DatePattern option in rollOver().");
            return;
        }

        String datedFilename = fileName + sdf.format(now);
        // It is too early to roll over because we are still within the
        // bounds of the current interval. Rollover will occur once the
        // next interval is reached.
        if (scheduledFilename.equals(datedFilename)) {
            return;
        }

        // close current file, and rename it to datedFilename
        this.closeFile();

        File target = new File(scheduledFilename);
        if (target.exists()) {
            target.delete();
        }

        File file = new File(fileName);
        boolean result = file.renameTo(target);
        if (result) {
            LogLog.debug(fileName + " -> " + scheduledFilename);
        } else {
            LogLog.error("Failed to rename [" + fileName + "] to [" + scheduledFilename + "].");
        }

        try {
            // This will also close the file. This is OK since multiple
            // close operations are safe.
            this.setFile(fileName, false, this.bufferedIO, this.bufferSize);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            errorHandler.error("setFile(" + fileName + ", false) call failed.");
        }
        scheduledFilename = datedFilename;
    }

    /**
     * This method differentiates DailyRollingFileAppender from its super class.
     * 
     * <p>
     * Before actually logging, this method will check whether it is time to do a rollover. If it is, it will schedule
     * the next rollover time and then rollover.
     * */
    protected void subAppend(LoggingEvent event) {
        long n = System.currentTimeMillis();
        if (n >= nextCheck) {
            now.setTime(n);
            nextCheck = rc.getNextCheckMillis(now);
            try {
                rollOver();
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                LogLog.error("rollOver() failed.", ioe);
            }
        }
        super.subAppend(event);
    }

    public int getTimeInterval() {
        return timeInterval;
    }

    public void setTimeInterval(int timeInterval) {
        this.timeInterval = timeInterval;
    }
}

/**
 * RollingCalendar is a helper class to DailyRollingFileAppender. Given a periodicity type and the current time, it
 * computes the start of the next interval.
 * */
class RollingCalendar extends GregorianCalendar {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3560331770601814177L;

    int type = CustomRollingFileAppender.TOP_OF_TROUBLE;

    int timeInterval = 1;

    RollingCalendar() {
        super();
    }

    public void setTimeInterval(int timeInterval) {
        this.timeInterval = timeInterval;
    }

    RollingCalendar(TimeZone tz, Locale locale) {
        super(tz, locale);
    }

    void setType(int type) {
        this.type = type;
    }

    public long getNextCheckMillis(Date now) {
        return getNextCheckDate(now).getTime();
    }

    public Date getNextCheckDate(Date now) {
        this.setTime(now);

        switch (type) {
        case CustomRollingFileAppender.TOP_OF_MINUTE:
            this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            this.add(Calendar.MINUTE, timeInterval);
            break;
        case CustomRollingFileAppender.TOP_OF_HOUR:
            this.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            this.add(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, timeInterval);
            break;
        case CustomRollingFileAppender.TOP_OF_DAY:
            this.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            this.add(Calendar.DATE, timeInterval);
            break;
        case CustomRollingFileAppender.TOP_OF_WEEK:
            this.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK, getFirstDayOfWeek());
            this.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            this.add(Calendar.WEEK_OF_YEAR, timeInterval);
            break;
        case CustomRollingFileAppender.TOP_OF_MONTH:
            this.set(Calendar.DATE, 1);
            this.set(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MINUTE, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.SECOND, 0);
            this.set(Calendar.MILLISECOND, 0);
            this.add(Calendar.MONTH, timeInterval);
            break;
        default:
            throw new IllegalStateException("Unknown periodicity type.");
        }
        return getTime();
    }
}

Answer 4

我知道回复晚了，但以下解决方案将帮助您和其他搜索相同问题并回到此线程的用户。

我修改 DailyRollingFileAppender.java 以在文件滚动中包含时间间隔子句，这将允许用户设置必须完成滚动的分钟间隔

从这里包含文件http://abheygupta.com/DailyRollingFileAppender.java

并以这种方式配置，时间间隔可以具有 60 个因素 [1,2,3,4,5,6,10,12,15,20,30,60] 中的任何值 log4j.appender.mtlog_api11.DatePattern='.'mmHHMMddyyyy log4j.appender.mtlog_api11.TimeInterval=10

它可以在上面指定的其他 DatePattern 中正常工作。

Answer 5

使用 logback，您可以继承 RollingFileAppender。

public class FifteenMinuteAppender<E> extends RollingFileAppender<E>
{
   private static long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); // minutes
   private int rollOverTimeInMinutes = 15;

   @Override
   public void rollover()
   {
      long currentTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
      int maxIntervalSinceLastLoggingInMillis = rollOverTimeInMinutes * 60 * 1000;

      if ((currentTime - start) >= maxIntervalSinceLastLoggingInMillis)
      {
         super.rollover();
         start = System.currentTimeMillis();
      }
   }
}

然后使用该 appender 作为您的 appender 并使用滚动策略

<appender class="com.your.package.FifteenMinuteAppender" name="YOUR_APPENDER">
  <file>yourfile.csv</file>
  <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.TimeBasedRollingPolicy">
    <!-- daily rollover -->
    <fileNamePattern>yourfile-%d{yyyyMMdd-HHmm}.csv</fileNamePattern>
  </rollingPolicy>
  <encoder>
    <pattern>%d{YYYYMMDD-HHmmSS-ZZ};${HOSTNAME};%thread;%msg%n</pattern>
  </encoder>
</appender>

更多详情here