使用 Karaf 在 OSGI 上部署简单的 Spring Web 应用程序答案

【问题标题】：Deployment of simple Spring web application on OSGI with Karaf使用 Karaf 在 OSGI 上部署简单的 Spring Web 应用程序
【发布时间】：2014-09-18 06:34:42
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在 OSGI - Karaf 3.0.1 上运行一个简单的 Spring Web 应用程序，但没有结果。

在我新的 Karaf 实例上，我安装了以下功能：

春天 4.0.2.RELEASE_1
spring-web 4.0.2.RELEASE_1
pax-http 3.0.1
pax-war 3.0.1
战争 3.0.1
pax-jetty 8.1.14.v20131031

这是我的pom.xml：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>co.chudy.kairos</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>spring-web Maven Webapp</name>

<properties>
    <spring.version>4.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>3.8.1</version>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>${spring.version}</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.osgi</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-osgi-web</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.1</version>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
    <finalName>spring-web</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>${jdk.version}</source>
                <target>${jdk.version}</target>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.felix</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-bundle-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.0</version>
            <extensions>true</extensions>
            <executions>
                <execution>
                    <id>bundle-manifest</id>
                    <phase>process-classes</phase>
                    <goals>
                        <goal>manifest</goal>
                    </goals>
                </execution>
            </executions>
            <configuration>
                <supportedProjectTypes>
                    <supportedProjectType>war</supportedProjectType>
                    <supportedProjectType>bundle</supportedProjectType>
                    <supportedProjectType>jar</supportedProjectType>
                </supportedProjectTypes>
                <instructions>
                    <Bundle-SymbolicName>${project.artifactId}</Bundle-SymbolicName>
                    <Bundle-Name>${project.name}</Bundle-Name>
                    <Bundle-Vendor>Michal Chudy</Bundle-Vendor>
                    <Export-Package>co.chudy.kairos.spring</Export-Package>
                    <Web-ContextPath>kairos</Web-ContextPath>
                    <Bundle-ClassPath>.,WEB-INF/classes,{maven-dependencies}</Bundle-ClassPath>
                    <Embed-Dependency>*;scope=compile|runtime</Embed-Dependency>
                </instructions>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
            <configuration>
                <archive>
                    <manifestFile>${project.build.outputDirectory}/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF</manifestFile>
                </archive>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

web.xml

<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
     id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>HelloWorldSpring</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
   xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
                     http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">

<bean name="/helloWorld.do" class="co.chudy.kairos.spring.Home"/>

<bean id="viewResolver"
      class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    <property name="prefix" value="WEB-INF/views/" />
    <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>

我已经尝试了很多东西并进行了很多搜索，但我仍然收到有关缺少上下文类的堆栈跟踪。我尝试了不同的 web.xml 和 servlet 配置，每次都是同样的错误 - 缺少类。我还尝试了不同版本的弹簧功能。

这里是堆栈跟踪：(full karaf log)

    2014-07-26 15:49:28,119 | INFO  | raf-3.0.1/deploy | fileinstall                      | 11 - org.apache.felix.fileinstall - 3.2.8 | Updated D:\apache-karaf-3.0.1\deploy\spring-web.war
2014-07-26 15:49:28,439 | INFO  | raf-3.0.1/deploy | HttpServiceFactoryImpl           | 93 - org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-runtime - 3.1.0 | Binding bundle: [spring-web [210]] to http service
2014-07-26 15:49:28,445 | INFO  | raf-3.0.1/deploy | fileinstall                      | 11 - org.apache.felix.fileinstall - 3.2.8 | Started bundle: file:/D:/apache-karaf-3.0.1/deploy/spring-web.war
2014-07-26 15:49:28,502 | INFO  | pool-13-thread-1 | AppHttpContext{spring-web - 210} | 84 - org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server - 8.1.14.v20131031 | Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'mvc-dispatcher'
2014-07-26 15:49:28,502 | INFO  | pool-13-thread-1 | DispatcherServlet                | 212 - org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc - 4.0.2.RELEASE_1 | FrameworkServlet 'mvc-dispatcher': initialization started
2014-07-26 15:49:28,503 | INFO  | pool-13-thread-1 | XmlWebApplicationContext         | 207 - org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-context - 4.0.2.RELEASE_1 | Refreshing WebApplicationContext for namespace 'mvc-dispatcher-servlet': startup date [Sat Jul 26 15:49:28 CEST 2014]; root of context hierarchy
2014-07-26 15:49:28,504 | INFO  | pool-13-thread-1 | XmlBeanDefinitionReader          | 205 - org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans - 4.0.2.RELEASE_1 | Loading XML bean definitions from ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml]
2014-07-26 15:49:28,526 | ERROR | pool-13-thread-1 | DispatcherServlet                | 212 - org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc - 4.0.2.RELEASE_1 | Context initialization failed
org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Cannot find class [org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver] for bean with name 'viewResolver' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver not found by org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty [94]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1327)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.predictBeanType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:594)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1396)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:959)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:680)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)[207:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-context:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)[207:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-context:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:658)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:624)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:543)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:484)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:161)[79:org.apache.geronimo.specs.geronimo-servlet_3.0_spec:1.0]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.initServlet(ServletHolder.java:532)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.doStart(ServletHolder.java:344)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:64)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:791)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:265)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:717)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.jetty.internal.HttpServiceContext.doStart(HttpServiceContext.java:222)[94:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty:3.1.0]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:64)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.jetty.internal.JettyServerImpl$1.start(JettyServerImpl.java:197)[94:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.internal.HttpServiceStarted.end(HttpServiceStarted.java:1032)[93:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-runtime:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.internal.HttpServiceProxy.end(HttpServiceProxy.java:422)[93:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-runtime:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.RegisterWebAppVisitorWC.end(RegisterWebAppVisitorWC.java:341)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.model.WebApp.accept(WebApp.java:678)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher$WebAppDependencyListener.register(WebAppPublisher.java:237)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher$WebAppDependencyListener.addingService(WebAppPublisher.java:182)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher$WebAppDependencyListener.addingService(WebAppPublisher.java:135)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker$Tracked.customizerAdding(ServiceTracker.java:932)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker$Tracked.customizerAdding(ServiceTracker.java:864)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.AbstractTracked.trackAdding(AbstractTracked.java:256)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.AbstractTracked.trackInitial(AbstractTracked.java:183)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker.open(ServiceTracker.java:317)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker.open(ServiceTracker.java:261)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher.publish(WebAppPublisher.java:101)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebObserver.deploy(WebObserver.java:213)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebObserver$1.doStart(WebObserver.java:175)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.extender.SimpleExtension.start(SimpleExtension.java:58)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.extender.AbstractExtender$1.run(AbstractExtender.java:266)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:178)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:292)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)[:1.7.0_55]
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver not found by org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty [94]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl.findClassOrResourceByDelegation(BundleWiringImpl.java:1532)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl.access$400(BundleWiringImpl.java:75)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl$BundleClassLoader.loadClass(BundleWiringImpl.java:1955)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)[:1.7.0_55]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.Felix.loadBundleClass(Felix.java:1844)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleImpl.loadClass(BundleImpl.java:937)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core.BundleClassLoader.findClass(BundleClassLoader.java:176)[85:org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core:1.6.0]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)[:1.7.0_55]
    at org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core.BundleClassLoader.loadClass(BundleClassLoader.java:192)[85:org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core:1.6.0]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)[:1.7.0_55]
    at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:236)[203:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-core:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanDefinition.java:392)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doResolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1348)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1319)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    ... 47 more
2014-07-26 15:49:28,528 | WARN  | pool-13-thread-1 | AppHttpContext{spring-web - 210} | 84 - org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server - 8.1.14.v20131031 | unavailable
org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Cannot find class [org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver] for bean with name 'viewResolver' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml]; nested exception is java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver not found by org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty [94]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1327)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.predictBeanType(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:594)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1396)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.isFactoryBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:959)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:680)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:760)[207:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-context:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:482)[207:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-context:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:658)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:624)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.createWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:672)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initWebApplicationContext(FrameworkServlet.java:543)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.initServletBean(FrameworkServlet.java:484)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.HttpServletBean.init(HttpServletBean.java:136)[212:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-webmvc:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at javax.servlet.GenericServlet.init(GenericServlet.java:161)[79:org.apache.geronimo.specs.geronimo-servlet_3.0_spec:1.0]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.initServlet(ServletHolder.java:532)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHolder.doStart(ServletHolder.java:344)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:64)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler.initialize(ServletHandler.java:791)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.servlet.ServletContextHandler.startContext(ServletContextHandler.java:265)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.server.handler.ContextHandler.doStart(ContextHandler.java:717)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.jetty.internal.HttpServiceContext.doStart(HttpServiceContext.java:222)[94:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty:3.1.0]
    at org.eclipse.jetty.util.component.AbstractLifeCycle.start(AbstractLifeCycle.java:64)[84:org.eclipse.jetty.aggregate.jetty-all-server:8.1.14.v20131031]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.jetty.internal.JettyServerImpl$1.start(JettyServerImpl.java:197)[94:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.internal.HttpServiceStarted.end(HttpServiceStarted.java:1032)[93:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-runtime:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.service.internal.HttpServiceProxy.end(HttpServiceProxy.java:422)[93:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-runtime:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.RegisterWebAppVisitorWC.end(RegisterWebAppVisitorWC.java:341)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.model.WebApp.accept(WebApp.java:678)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher$WebAppDependencyListener.register(WebAppPublisher.java:237)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher$WebAppDependencyListener.addingService(WebAppPublisher.java:182)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher$WebAppDependencyListener.addingService(WebAppPublisher.java:135)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker$Tracked.customizerAdding(ServiceTracker.java:932)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker$Tracked.customizerAdding(ServiceTracker.java:864)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.AbstractTracked.trackAdding(AbstractTracked.java:256)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.AbstractTracked.trackInitial(AbstractTracked.java:183)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker.open(ServiceTracker.java:317)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.osgi.util.tracker.ServiceTracker.open(ServiceTracker.java:261)[karaf-org.osgi.core.jar:]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebAppPublisher.publish(WebAppPublisher.java:101)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebObserver.deploy(WebObserver.java:213)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.WebObserver$1.doStart(WebObserver.java:175)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.extender.SimpleExtension.start(SimpleExtension.java:58)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at org.ops4j.pax.web.extender.war.internal.extender.AbstractExtender$1.run(AbstractExtender.java:266)[136:org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-extender-war:3.1.0]
    at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:471)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:262)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.access$201(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:178)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor$ScheduledFutureTask.run(ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.java:292)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)[:1.7.0_55]
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)[:1.7.0_55]
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver not found by org.ops4j.pax.web.pax-web-jetty [94]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl.findClassOrResourceByDelegation(BundleWiringImpl.java:1532)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl.access$400(BundleWiringImpl.java:75)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleWiringImpl$BundleClassLoader.loadClass(BundleWiringImpl.java:1955)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)[:1.7.0_55]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.Felix.loadBundleClass(Felix.java:1844)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.apache.felix.framework.BundleImpl.loadClass(BundleImpl.java:937)[org.apache.felix.framework-4.2.1.jar:]
    at org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core.BundleClassLoader.findClass(BundleClassLoader.java:176)[85:org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core:1.6.0]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:425)[:1.7.0_55]
    at org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core.BundleClassLoader.loadClass(BundleClassLoader.java:192)[85:org.ops4j.pax.swissbox.core:1.6.0]
    at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:358)[:1.7.0_55]
    at org.springframework.util.ClassUtils.forName(ClassUtils.java:236)[203:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-core:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinition.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanDefinition.java:392)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doResolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1348)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.resolveBeanClass(AbstractBeanFactory.java:1319)[205:org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-beans:4.0.2.RELEASE_1]
    ... 47 more

但有时缺少的类是 OsgiBundleXmlWebApplicationContext 或 ContextNamespaceHandler。

任何想法我做错了什么？

【问题讨论】：

我不熟悉 Karaf，但如果它是 OSGi，那么您需要有效的 OSGi 包。我看到你的 pom 中有 Maven 捆绑插件，但它对 Spring jar 起作用吗？据我所知，3.2.6 版之后的所有与 Spring 相关的东西都不是有效的 OSGi 包。
Maven 捆绑插件不会将这些文件包含在战争中，因为它们是“提供的”。由于我的包部署在 Felix 上，所有依赖项都得到满足，所以应该没问题。安装了 Spring jar - 它们由 Karaf 功能提供。这些是一些描述符，收集要安装的 Maven 包列表以提供一些功能。据我了解，有人准备了嵌入弹簧包及其依赖项的捆绑包。示例：org.apache.servicemix.bundles/org.apache.servicemix.bundles.spring-web/4.0.2.RELEASE_1

标签： spring maven spring-mvc osgi apache-karaf

【解决方案1】：

您还需要安装 Spring-DM 并为其使用 OsgiBundleXmlWebApplicationContext。可以在here找到样本。
简而言之，您需要在 web.xml 中切换到以下内容：

<context-param>
    <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
    <param-value>org.springframework.osgi.web.context.support.OsgiBundleXmlWebApplicationContext</param-value>
</context-param>

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextClass</param-name>
        <param-value>org.springframework.osgi.web.context.support.OsgiBundleXmlWebApplicationContext</param-value>
    </init-param>
</servlet>

【讨论】：

今天我意识到我缺少的部分是正确的 Import-Package 声明。捆绑插件似乎不了解 web.xml，因此它不会将 InternalResourceViewResolver 等类的包放入清单中，因此应该手动完成。 (*,org.springframework.web.servlet.view)
所以我设法在配置 DispatcherServlet 的情况下运行 Spring。我的问题是：为什么我需要OsgiBundleXmlWebApplicationContext？是否有必要获取 OSGI 服务？我可以改用声明式服务吗？我读过 Spring DM 不再受支持/开发，它依赖于Spring ~3。我可以将它与我现在正在使用的 Spring 4.0.2.RELEASE 一起使用吗？那么..我是否必须在 OSGI 中保留两个版本的 Spring？
spring-dm 不再开发是对的，AFAIK 它仍然与 Spring 3 一起工作，Spring4 可能无法工作。运行 OSGi 服务需要OsgiBundleXmlWebApplicationContext。 Spring 和 DS 的混合，我怀疑它是否会起作用，因为上下文的初始化方式。那么谁负责接线呢？它将负责服务的注入等。

【解决方案2】：

如果您可以将 Spring WebMVC 设置限制在一个包中并且只使用来自其他包的服务，您可以查看 [1]。有一个秘诀 [2] 关于如何将 Eclipse Equinox (OSGi)、EclipseLink (JPA) 和 Spring WebMVC 与 Jetty 9.2 和 JSP/JSTL 一起使用。

[1]http://dentrassi.de/2014/11/14/osgi-ee-modular-web-applications/

[2]https://github.com/ctron/osgiee/tree/master/web5

【讨论】：