继承类型的 WebApi 模型绑定

Question

我希望在 WebApi 中处理继承类型的模型绑定，而我真正想做的是使用默认模型绑定来处理绑定（除了选择无法这样做的类型） ，但我缺少一些基本的东西。

所以说我有类型：

public abstract class ModuleVM
{
    public abstract ModuleType ModuleType { get; }
}

public class ConcreteVM : ModuleVM
{

}

使用 MVC 控制器，我会做这样的事情：

public class ModuleMvcBinder : DefaultModelBinder
{
    protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType)
    {
        if (modelType == typeof(ModuleVM))
        {
            // Just hardcoding the type for simplicity
            Type instantiationType = typeof(ConcreteVM);
            var obj = Activator.CreateInstance(instantiationType);
            bindingContext.ModelMetadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(null, instantiationType);
            bindingContext.ModelMetadata.Model = obj;
            return obj;
        }
        return base.CreateModel(controllerContext, bindingContext, modelType);
    }

}

[AttributeUsage( AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Enum | AttributeTargets.Interface | AttributeTargets.Parameter | AttributeTargets.Struct | AttributeTargets.Property, AllowMultiple = false, Inherited = false)]
public class ModuleMvcBinderAttribute : CustomModelBinderAttribute
{
    public override IModelBinder GetBinder()
    {
        return new ModuleMvcBinder();
    }
}

然后使用控制器上的属性，一切都很好，我正在利用 DefaultModelBinder 进行实际工作，我基本上只是提供正确的对象实例化。

那么我该如何为 WebApi 版本做同样的事情呢？

如果我使用自定义模型绑定器（例如Error implementing a Custom Model Binder in Asp.Net Web API），我的问题是（我相信）在 BindModel 方法中，一旦实例化对象，我还没有找到使用“标准”http 绑定的好方法.正如其他帖子中所建议的那样，我可以专门针对 JSON (Deserialising Json to derived types in Asp.Net Web API) 或 XML (Getting my Custom Model bound to my POST controller) 执行此操作，但在我看来，这违背了这一点，因为 web api 应该将其分开，而且是 - 它只是没有知道如何确定类型。 （所有具体类型自然都处理得很好。）

我是否忽略了一些明显的事情，我应该在实例化对象后将 BindModel 调用定向到？

Answer 1

以下是一个示例，其中我的类型具有继承性，并且在进行了一些设置（例如使用 Xml 格式化程序的 datacontractserializer 所需的 KnownType 属性进行装饰）和 Json 格式化程序上的 TypeNameHandling 设置之后，我们可以预期两个 xml/json 请求的行为一致。

using Newtonsoft.Json;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Formatting;
using System.Net.Http.Headers;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Web.Http;
using System.Web.Http.SelfHost;

namespace Service
{
    class Service
    {
        private static HttpSelfHostServer server = null;
        private static string baseAddress = string.Format("http://{0}:9095/", Environment.MachineName);

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            HttpSelfHostConfiguration config = new HttpSelfHostConfiguration(baseAddress);
            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute("Default", "api/{controller}/{id}", new { id = RouteParameter.Optional });
            config.IncludeErrorDetailPolicy = IncludeErrorDetailPolicy.Always;
            config.Formatters.JsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Objects;

            try
            {
                server = new HttpSelfHostServer(config);
                server.OpenAsync().Wait();

                Console.WriteLine("Service listenting at: {0} ...", baseAddress);

                TestWithHttpClient("application/xml");

                TestWithHttpClient("application/json");

                Console.ReadLine();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception Details:\n{0}", ex.ToString());
            }
            finally
            {
                if (server != null)
                {
                    server.CloseAsync().Wait();
                }
            }
        }

        private static void TestWithHttpClient(string mediaType)
        {
            HttpClient client = new HttpClient();

            MediaTypeFormatter formatter = null;

            // NOTE: following any settings on the following formatters should match
            // to the settings that the service's formatters have.
            if (mediaType == "application/xml")
            {
                formatter = new XmlMediaTypeFormatter();
            }
            else if (mediaType == "application/json")
            {
                JsonMediaTypeFormatter jsonFormatter = new JsonMediaTypeFormatter();
                jsonFormatter.SerializerSettings.TypeNameHandling = TypeNameHandling.Objects;

                formatter = jsonFormatter;
            }

            HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage();
            request.RequestUri = new Uri(baseAddress + "api/students");
            request.Method = HttpMethod.Get;
            request.Headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(mediaType));
            HttpResponseMessage response = client.SendAsync(request).Result;
            Student std = response.Content.ReadAsAsync<Student>().Result;

            Console.WriteLine("GET data in '{0}' format", mediaType);
            if (StudentsController.CONSTANT_STUDENT.Equals(std))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("both are equal");
            }

            client = new HttpClient();
            request = new HttpRequestMessage();
            request.RequestUri = new Uri(baseAddress + "api/students");
            request.Method = HttpMethod.Post;
            request.Content = new ObjectContent<Person>(StudentsController.CONSTANT_STUDENT, formatter);
            request.Headers.Accept.Add(new MediaTypeWithQualityHeaderValue(mediaType));
            Student std1 = client.SendAsync(request).Result.Content.ReadAsAsync<Student>().Result;

            Console.WriteLine("POST and receive data in '{0}' format", mediaType);
            if (StudentsController.CONSTANT_STUDENT.Equals(std1))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("both are equal");
            }
        }
    }

    public class StudentsController : ApiController
    {
        public static readonly Student CONSTANT_STUDENT = new Student() { Id = 1, Name = "John", EnrolledCourses = new List<string>() { "maths", "physics" } };

        public Person Get()
        {
            return CONSTANT_STUDENT;
        }

        // NOTE: specifying FromBody here is not required. By default complextypes are bound
        // by formatters which read the body
        public Person Post([FromBody] Person person)
        {
            if (!ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                throw new HttpResponseException(Request.CreateErrorResponse(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest, this.ModelState));
            }

            return person;
        }
    }

    [DataContract]
    [KnownType(typeof(Student))]
    public abstract class Person : IEquatable<Person>
    {
        [DataMember]
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [DataMember]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public bool Equals(Person other)
        {
            if (other == null)
                return false;

            if (ReferenceEquals(this, other))
                return true;

            if (this.Id != other.Id)
                return false;

            if (this.Name != other.Name)
                return false;

            return true;
        }
    }

    [DataContract]
    public class Student : Person, IEquatable<Student>
    {
        [DataMember]
        public List<string> EnrolledCourses { get; set; }

        public bool Equals(Student other)
        {
            if (!base.Equals(other))
            {
                return false;
            }

            if (this.EnrolledCourses == null && other.EnrolledCourses == null)
            {
                return true;
            }

            if ((this.EnrolledCourses == null && other.EnrolledCourses != null) ||
                (this.EnrolledCourses != null && other.EnrolledCourses == null))
                return false;

            if (this.EnrolledCourses.Count != other.EnrolledCourses.Count)
                return false;

            for (int i = 0; i < this.EnrolledCourses.Count; i++)
            {
                if (this.EnrolledCourses[i] != other.EnrolledCourses[i])
                    return false;
            }

            return true;
        }
    }
}