使用 spaCy 3 进行自定义 NER 训练会引发 ValueError

Question

我正在尝试使用 spacy 3 添加自定义 NER 标签。我找到了旧版本的教程并对 spacy 3 进行了调整。这是我正在使用的整个代码：

import random
import spacy
from spacy.training import Example

LABEL = 'ANIMAL'
TRAIN_DATA = [
    ("Horses are too tall and they pretend to care about your feelings", {'entities': [(0, 6, LABEL)]}),
    ("Do they bite?", {'entities': []}),
    ("horses are too tall and they pretend to care about your feelings", {'entities': [(0, 6, LABEL)]}),
    ("horses pretend to care about your feelings", {'entities': [(0, 6, LABEL)]}),
    ("they pretend to care about your feelings, those horses", {'entities': [(48, 54, LABEL)]}),
    ("horses?", {'entities': [(0, 6, LABEL)]})
]
nlp = spacy.load('en_core_web_sm')  # load existing spaCy model
ner = nlp.get_pipe('ner')
ner.add_label(LABEL)
print(ner.move_names) # Here I see, that the new label was added
optimizer = nlp.create_optimizer()
# get names of other pipes to disable them during training
other_pipes = [pipe for pipe in nlp.pipe_names if pipe != "ner"]
with nlp.disable_pipes(*other_pipes):  # only train NER
    for itn in range(20):
        random.shuffle(TRAIN_DATA)
        losses = {}
        for text, annotations in TRAIN_DATA:
            doc = nlp(text)
            example = Example.from_dict(doc, annotations)
            nlp.update([example], drop=0.35, sgd=optimizer, losses=losses)
        print(losses)
# test the trained model # add some dummy sentences with many NERs

test_text = 'Do you like horses?'
doc = nlp(test_text)
print("Entities in '%s'" % test_text)
for ent in doc.ents:
    print(ent.label_, " -- ", ent.text)

此代码输出 ValueError 异常，但仅在 2 次迭代后 - 注意前 2 行：

{'ner': 9.862242701536594}
{'ner': 8.169456698315201}
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File ".\custom_ner_training.py", line 46, in <module>
    nlp.update([example], drop=0.35, sgd=optimizer, losses=losses)
  File "C:\ogr\moje\python\spacy_pg\myvenv\lib\site-packages\spacy\language.py", line 1106, in update
    proc.update(examples, sgd=None, losses=losses, **component_cfg[name])
  File "spacy\pipeline\transition_parser.pyx", line 366, in spacy.pipeline.transition_parser.Parser.update
  File "spacy\pipeline\transition_parser.pyx", line 478, in spacy.pipeline.transition_parser.Parser.get_batch_loss
  File "spacy\pipeline\_parser_internals\ner.pyx", line 310, in spacy.pipeline._parser_internals.ner.BiluoPushDown.set_costs
ValueError

我看到ANIMAL 标签是通过调用ner.move_names 添加的。

当我更改我的值 LABEL = 'PERSON 时，代码成功运行并将马识别为新数据上的 PERSON。这就是我假设代码本身没有错误的原因。

我有什么遗漏吗？我究竟做错了什么？请问有人可以复制吗？

注意：这是我在这里的第一个问题。我希望我提供了所有信息。如果没有，请在 cmets 中告诉我。

Answer 1

您需要在for循环中更改以下行

doc = nlp(text)

到

doc = nlp.make_doc(text)

代码应该可以工作并产生以下结果：

{'ner': 9.60289144264557}
{'ner': 8.875474230820478}
{'ner': 6.370401408220459}
{'ner': 6.687456469517201}
... 
{'ner': 1.3796682589133492e-05}
{'ner': 1.7709562613218738e-05}

Entities in 'Do you like horses?'
ANIMAL  --  horses