【发布时间】：2018-08-20 10:05:06
【问题描述】：
我正在学习 Kivy，为了让它更有趣，我正在创建一个小型 2D 游戏。目前它只是一个可以用 WASD 控制并用 o 发射弹丸的坦克。
问题在于 FPS 会随着时间的推移而降低。即使我在游戏中什么都不做也会发生这种情况。我没有 FPS 计数器，但在一分钟的游戏时间后，它大约是 FPS 的一半。
我的感觉是问题出在小部件中画布的更新中。由于即使玩家在整个游戏中什么都不做也会发生减速，因此似乎某处有数据只是添加和添加的。我不知道如何更好地解释它，除了它很奇怪......
到目前为止游戏编程方式的简要概述：
主要的小部件是 Game 类。它检测按键并运行“Clock.schedule_interval-function”。
Tank 小部件是 Game 的子部件。它保存一些数据并通过 Kivys Image 小部件加载船体和炮塔精灵，该小部件成为它的孩子。它有自己的更新功能，可以更新与坦克相关的所有内容，包括设置其画布的位置以及旋转船体和炮塔图像画布。 Tank 小部件类中的更新函数由 Game 类中的“Clock.schedule_interval”调用。
Shots 小部件与 Tank 小部件的功能相同，只是它保存每次射击的数据
“Clock schedule_interval”-函数保存每个镜头部件的列表，并在它们离开屏幕时将其删除。但是，即使没有射击，减速问题仍然存在。
我附上了完整的代码。这可能是过度的，但我不知道其中哪一部分会导致减速。如果要运行游戏，只需将这四个 python 文件放在同一个文件夹中，并将图像放在一个名为“images tank”的子文件夹中。
希望有人能看一下:)
main.py:
#Import my own modules:
import tank
import shot
from stats import Stats
#Import kivy:
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.clock import Clock
#Set window size properties:
from kivy.config import Config
Config.set('graphics','resizable',0)
from kivy.core.window import Window
class Game(Widget):
def __init__(self):
#General settings:
super(Game, self).__init__()
Clock.schedule_interval(self.update, 1.0/60.0)
#Add keyboard:
self._keyboard = Window.request_keyboard (callback=None, target=self, input_type="text")
#Bind the keyboard to a function:
self._keyboard.bind(on_key_down=self.keypress)
self._keyboard.bind(on_key_up=self.keyUp)
#P1 tank starting values:
self.keypress_p1 = {"forward":False, "backward":False, "left":False, "right":False, "turret_left":False, "turret_right":False, "fire":False}
#P1 tank widget:
self.tank_p1 = tank.Tank()
self.add_widget(self.tank_p1)
#P1 shots list:
self.shotsList_p1 = []
#Keyboard press detection:
def keypress(self, *args):
key = args[2]
if key == "w":
self.keypress_p1["forward"]=True
if key == "s":
self.keypress_p1["backward"]=True
if key == "a":
self.keypress_p1["left"]=True
if key == "d":
self.keypress_p1["right"]=True
if key == "q":
self.keypress_p1["turret_left"]=True
if key == "e":
self.keypress_p1["turret_right"]=True
if key == "o":
self.keypress_p1["fire"]=True
#Keyboard button up detection:
def keyUp(self, *args):
key = args[1][1]
if key == "w":
self.keypress_p1["forward"]=False
if key == "s":
self.keypress_p1["backward"]=False
if key == "a":
self.keypress_p1["left"]=False
if key == "d":
self.keypress_p1["right"]=False
if key == "q":
self.keypress_p1["turret_left"]=False
if key == "e":
self.keypress_p1["turret_right"]=False
if key == "o":
self.keypress_p1["fire"]=False
#Parent update function that the clock runs:
def update(self, dt):
#Add new shots:
if self.keypress_p1["fire"]:
self.shot = shot.Shots(self.tank_p1.my_pos, self.tank_p1.my_angle+self.tank_p1.my_turretAngle)
self.shotsList_p1.append(self.shot)
self.add_widget(self.shot)
self.keypress_p1["fire"] = False
#P1 tank update:
self.tank_p1.update(self.keypress_p1)
#P1 shot update:
for i in range(len(self.shotsList_p1)-1,-1,-1):
self.shotsList_p1[i].update()
#Remove widgets that are outside the screen:
if ( 0<=self.shotsList_p1[i].my_pos[0]<Stats.winSize[0] and 0<=self.shotsList_p1[i].my_pos[1]<Stats.winSize[1] )==False:
self.remove_widget(self.shotsList_p1[i])
del self.shotsList_p1[i]
class MyApp(App):
def build(self):
game = Game()
Window.size = Stats.winSize
return game
MyApp().run()
坦克.py：
#Import own modules:
from stats import Stats
#import python:
import math
#Import Kivy:
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.graphics.context_instructions import PushMatrix, PopMatrix, Rotate, Translate, MatrixInstruction
from kivy.graphics.fbo import Fbo
class Tank(Widget):
def __init__(self):
super(Tank, self).__init__()
#Position and rotation values for the tank:
self.my_pos = [0,0]
self.posChange = [0,0]
self.my_angle = 0
self.angleChange = 0
self.my_turretAngle = 0
self.turretAngleChange = 0
#Hull widget:
self.hull = Hull()
self.add_widget(self.hull)
self.hull.center_x = self.my_pos[0]
self.hull.center_y = self.my_pos[1]
#Turret widget:
self.turret = Turret()
self.add_widget(self.turret)
self.turret.center_x = self.my_pos[0]
self.turret.center_y = self.my_pos[1]
def update(self, keypress):
if keypress["forward"]:
self.my_pos[0] -= Stats.hull_t1["forward"]*math.sin(math.radians(self.my_angle))
self.my_pos[1] += Stats.hull_t1["forward"]*math.cos(math.radians(self.my_angle))
self.posChange[0] = -Stats.hull_t1["forward"]*math.sin(math.radians(self.my_angle))
self.posChange[1] = Stats.hull_t1["forward"]*math.cos(math.radians(self.my_angle))
if keypress["backward"]:
self.my_pos[0] -= Stats.hull_t1["backward"]*math.sin(math.radians(self.my_angle))
self.my_pos[1] += Stats.hull_t1["backward"]*math.cos(math.radians(self.my_angle))
self.posChange[0] = -Stats.hull_t1["backward"]*math.sin(math.radians(self.my_angle))
self.posChange[1] = Stats.hull_t1["backward"]*math.cos(math.radians(self.my_angle))
if keypress["left"]:
self.my_angle += Stats.hull_t1["left"]
self.angleChange = Stats.hull_t1["left"]
if keypress["right"]:
self.my_angle += Stats.hull_t1["right"]
self.angleChange = Stats.hull_t1["right"]
if keypress["turret_left"]:
self.my_turretAngle += Stats.turret_t1["left"]
self.turretAngleChange = Stats.turret_t1["left"]
if keypress["turret_right"]:
self.my_turretAngle += Stats.turret_t1["right"]
self.turretAngleChange = Stats.turret_t1["right"]
#Tank Position:
with self.canvas.before:
PushMatrix()
Translate(self.posChange[0], self.posChange[1])
with self.canvas.after:
PopMatrix()
#Rotate hull image:
with self.hull.canvas.before:
PushMatrix()
self.rot = Rotate()
self.rot.axis = (0,0,1)
self.rot.origin = self.hull.center
self.rot.angle = self.angleChange
with self.hull.canvas.after:
PopMatrix()
#Rotate turret image:
with self.turret.canvas.before:
PushMatrix()
self.rot = Rotate()
self.rot.axis = (0,0,1)
self.rot.origin = self.turret.center
self.rot.angle = self.turretAngleChange + self.angleChange
with self.turret.canvas.after:
PopMatrix()
#Reset pos, angle and turretAngle change values:
self.posChange = [0,0]
self.angleChange = 0
self.turretAngleChange = 0
#--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Hull(Image):
def __init__(self):
super(Hull, self).__init__(source="images tank/Tank.png")
self.size = self.texture_size
class Turret(Image):
def __init__(self):
super(Turret, self).__init__(source="images tank/GunTurret.png")
self.size = self.texture_size
shot.py：
#Import own modules:
from stats import Stats
#import python:
import math
from copy import copy
#Import Kivy:
from kivy.uix.widget import Widget
from kivy.uix.image import Image
from kivy.graphics.context_instructions import PushMatrix, PopMatrix, Rotate, Translate, MatrixInstruction
from kivy.graphics.fbo import Fbo
class Shots(Widget):
def __init__(self, tankPos, turretAngle):
super(Shots, self).__init__()
#Shot data:
self.my_pos = copy(tankPos)
self.my_angle = turretAngle
self.angleChange = self.my_angle
self.posChange = [ -Stats.shot_t1["speed"]*math.sin(math.radians(self.my_angle)), Stats.shot_t1["speed"]*math.cos(math.radians(self.my_angle)) ]
#Add image:
self.shotImg = ShotImg()
self.add_widget(self.shotImg)
self.shotImg.pos = self.my_pos
self.shotImg.center_x = self.my_pos[0]
self.shotImg.center_y = self.my_pos[1]
def update(self):
self.my_pos[0] += self.posChange[0]
self.my_pos[1] += self.posChange[1]
#Shot Position:
with self.canvas.before:
PushMatrix()
Translate(self.posChange[0], self.posChange[1])
with self.canvas.after:
PopMatrix()
#Rotate shot image:
if self.angleChange != 0:
with self.shotImg.canvas.before:
PushMatrix()
self.rot = Rotate()
self.rot.axis = (0,0,1)
self.rot.origin = self.shotImg.center
self.rot.angle = self.angleChange
with self.shotImg.canvas.after:
PopMatrix()
self.angleChange = 0
class ShotImg(Image):
def __init__(self):
super(ShotImg, self).__init__(source="images tank/Bullet.png")
self.size = self.texture_size
stats.py：
class Stats:
winSize = (800,800)
hull_t1 = {"forward":2, "backward":-2, "left":2, "right": -2}
turret_t1 = {"left":5, "right":-5}
shot_t1 = {"speed":3}
图片应该放在名为“images tank”的子文件夹中：
【问题讨论】：
标签： python python-3.x frameworks kivy kivy-language