1) 从技术上讲,数据上下文的两个声明之间没有区别
我喜欢在代码隐藏中进行,如下所示:
Partial Public Class MainPage
Inherits UserControl
Private _viewModel As TestViewModel
Public Sub New()
InitializeComponent()
_viewModel = TryCast(Resources("TheViewModel"), TestViewModel)
Me.DataContext = _viewModel
End Sub
End Class
2)您不想将 ItemsSource 设置为静态页面资源,而是希望将其设置为 ViewModel 中的属性。下面是一个示例 View 和 ViewModel,注意 VM 上的 Inherits 和 Impelments,它们允许您的 VM 告诉您的 View 属性已更改,并重新加载属性。
查看:
<UserControl x:Class="SilverlightTestApp.MainPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="400"
xmlns:navigation="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Controls;assembly=System.Windows.Controls.Navigation"
xmlns:ModelViewModel="clr-namespace:SilverlightTestApp" >
<UserControl.Resources>
<ModelViewModel:TestViewModel x:Key="TheViewModel" />
</UserControl.Resources>
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="White" DataContext="{StaticResource TheViewModel}">
<ItemsControl ItemsSource="{Binding SampleCollection}">
<ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
<DataTemplate>
<TextBlock Text="{Binding}"></TextBlock>
</DataTemplate>
</ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
</ItemsControl>
</Grid>
视图模型:
Imports System.ComponentModel
Imports System.Collections.ObjectModel
Public Class TestViewModel
Inherits DependencyObject
Implements System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged
Implements INotifyDataErrorInfo
Private _model As TestModel
Sub New()
Me.New(New TestModel)
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal model As TestModel)
_model = model
_sampleCollection = New ObservableCollection(Of String)
_sampleCollection.Add("one")
_sampleCollection.Add("two")
_sampleCollection.Add("three")
_sampleCollection.Add("four")
End Sub
Private _sampleCollection As ObservableCollection(Of String)
Public Property SampleCollection As ObservableCollection(Of String)
Get
Return _sampleCollection
End Get
Set(value As ObservableCollection(Of String))
If value IsNot Nothing Then
_sampleCollection = value
End If
Me.OnPropertyChanged("SampleCollection")
End Set
End Property
Public Event PropertyChanged(sender As Object, e As PropertyChangedEventArgs) Implements INotifyPropertyChanged.PropertyChanged
Protected errors As New Dictionary(Of String, List(Of String))
Protected Sub OnPropertyChanged(ByVal propertyName As String)
RaiseEvent PropertyChanged(Me, New System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName))
End Sub
' #Region " Validation Plumbing"
' Adds the specified error to the errors collection if it is not
' already present, inserting it in the first position if isWarning is
' false. Raises the ErrorsChanged event if the collection changes.
Public Sub AddError(ByVal propertyName As String, ByVal [error] As String,
ByVal isWarning As Boolean)
If Not errors.ContainsKey(propertyName) Then _
errors(propertyName) = New List(Of String)()
If Not errors(propertyName).Contains([error]) Then
If isWarning Then
errors(propertyName).Add([error])
Else
errors(propertyName).Insert(0, [error])
End If
RaiseErrorsChanged(propertyName)
End If
End Sub
' Removes the specified error from the errors collection if it is
' present. Raises the ErrorsChanged event if the collection changes.
Public Sub RemoveError(ByVal propertyName As String, ByVal [error] As String)
If errors.ContainsKey(propertyName) AndAlso
errors(propertyName).Contains([error]) Then
errors(propertyName).Remove([error])
If errors(propertyName).Count = 0 Then errors.Remove(propertyName)
RaiseErrorsChanged(propertyName)
End If
End Sub
Public Sub RemoveError(ByVal propertyName As String)
If errors.ContainsKey(propertyName) Then
errors.Remove(propertyName)
RaiseErrorsChanged(propertyName)
End If
End Sub
Public Sub RaiseErrorsChanged(ByVal propertyName As String)
OnPropertyChanged("HasErrors")
RaiseEvent ErrorsChanged(Me,
New DataErrorsChangedEventArgs(propertyName))
End Sub
Public Event ErrorsChanged As EventHandler(Of DataErrorsChangedEventArgs) _
Implements INotifyDataErrorInfo.ErrorsChanged
Public Function GetErrors(ByVal propertyName As String) _
As System.Collections.IEnumerable _
Implements INotifyDataErrorInfo.GetErrors
If (String.IsNullOrEmpty(propertyName) OrElse
Not errors.ContainsKey(propertyName)) Then Return Nothing
Return errors(propertyName)
End Function
Public ReadOnly Property HasErrors As Boolean _
Implements INotifyDataErrorInfo.HasErrors
Get
Return errors.Count > 0
End Get
End Property
End Class
上面的关键部分是Me.OnPropertyChanged("SampleCollection"),它告诉视图更新它绑定的属性。
关于架构的说明,如果您正在构建具有多个 View 和 ViewModel 的应用程序,创建一个 ViewModelBase 并让它继承 DependencyObject 并实现 INotifyPropertyChanged,那么您所有的真实视图模型都可以从 ViewModelBase 继承。
我还创建了一个在 VM 中使用的名为 TestModel 的类,但将其留空。该模型是您放置代码以与 DB 对话的地方,或者我所做的就是调用与我的 DB 对话的 WCF 服务。
5) 最后,SelectedItem 是 ItemSource 中被选中的实际对象,而 SelectedValue 是 SelectedValuePath 的值。
在上面的示例中,我创建了一个简单的 String 集合,但假设您有一个具有多个属性的自定义对象集合,您可以将 SelectedValuePath 指定为这些属性之一。 SelectedItem 将返回整个对象。