如何将基于数组元素的字符串拆分为数组，保留数组中的拆分词在javascript中

Question

我有一个字符串

sReasons =  "O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC3900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5000016Delivery Attempt";

我需要根据分隔符数组来拆分上面的字符串

const separator = ["O9", "EO", "HJ", "J8"];

其中前 2 个字符 (O9) 表示网络代码，接下来的 4 个字符是另一个代码 (C270) & 接下来的 4 个字符 (0021) 是不符合 SDWC 条件的字符串的长度

分隔符代码唯一，2个大写字母，textMessage中除inEligType外不会重复

我需要创建一个json格式

{
    {inEligType: "O9", msgCode: "C270", msgLen: "0021", textMsg: "Not eligible for SDWC"},
    {inEligType: "EO", msgCode: "C390", msgLen: "0015", textMsg: "Service upgrade"},
    {inEligType: "HJ", msgCode: "C390", msgLen: "0015", textMsg: "Service upgrade"},
    {inEligType: "J8", msgCode: "C500", msgLen: "0016", textMsg: "Delivery Attempt"}
}

我基本上没有根据给定的数组拆分字符串本身，我尝试了以下

sReasons =  "O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC0900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5HJ0016Delivery Attempt";    
const separator = ["O9", "EO", "HJ", "J8"];

function formatReasons(Reasons: string) {
var words: any[] = Reasons.split(this.spearator); 
for(let word in words)
    {
       console.log(word) ;
    }
}
var result = formatReasons(sHdnReasonsCreate);
console.log("Returned Result: "+result);

但它给了我结果

["O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC0900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5HJ0016Delivery Attempt"]length: 1__proto__: Array(0)

Returned Address is: undefined

Answer 1

我的基于正则表达式的方法：

sReasons =  "O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC0900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5HJ0016Delivery Attempt";    
const separator = ["O9", "EO", "HJ", "J8"];

// build the regex based on separators
let regexPattern = '^';
separator.forEach(text => {
    regexPattern += `${text}(.*)`;
});
regexPattern += '$';

// match the reasons
let r = new RegExp(regexPattern);
let matches = sReasons.match(r);

// prepare to match each message
let msgMatcher = new RegExp('^(?<msgCode>.{4})(?<msgLen>.{4})(?<textMsg>.*)$');
let output = [];

for (let i=1; i<matches.length; i++) {
    // match the message
    const msg = matches[i].match(msgMatcher);

    // store
    let item = msg.groups;
    item.inEligType = separator[i-1];
    output.push(item);
}

console.log(JSON.stringify(output, null, 2));

生产

[
  {
    "msgCode": "C270",
    "msgLen": "0021",
    "textMsg": "Not eligible for SDWC",
    "inEligType": "O9"
  },
  {
    "msgCode": "C090",
    "msgLen": "0015",
    "textMsg": "Service upgrade",
    "inEligType": "EO"
  },
  {
    "msgCode": "C390",
    "msgLen": "0015",
    "textMsg": "Service upgrade",
    "inEligType": "HJ"
  },
  {
    "msgCode": "C5HJ",
    "msgLen": "0016",
    "textMsg": "Delivery Attempt",
    "inEligType": "J8"
  }
]

Answer 2

很可能textMsg 字段或任何其他字段将永远包含您用于inEligType 字段的两个字母字符串。但你绝对确定吗？在我看来，数据格式确实希望有人通过特定长度的子字符串来解析它；如果您可以根据分隔符进行拆分，为什么还要有一个msgLen 字段？如果将来inEligType 代码列表发生变化怎么办？

出于这些原因，我强烈建议您按子字符串长度而不是按分隔符匹配进行解析。这是一种可能的方法：

function formatReasons(reasons: string) {
  const ret = []
  while (reasons) {
    const inEligType = reasons.substring(0, 2);
    reasons = reasons.substring(2);
    const msgCode = reasons.substring(0, 4);
    reasons = reasons.substring(4);
    const msgLen = reasons.substring(0, 4);
    reasons = reasons.substring(4);
    const textMsg = reasons.substring(0, +msgLen);
    reasons = reasons.substring(+msgLen);
    ret.push({ inEligType, msgCode, msgLen, textMsg });
  }
  return ret;
}

您可以验证它是否为您的示例 sReasons 字符串产生了预期的输出：

const formattedReasons = formatReasons(sReasons);
console.log(JSON.stringify(formattedReasons, undefined, 2));
/* [
  {
    "inEligType": "O9",
    "msgCode": "C270",
    "msgLen": "0021",
    "textMsg": "Not eligible for SDWC"
  },
  {
    "inEligType": "EO",
    "msgCode": "C090",
    "msgLen": "0015",
    "textMsg": "Service upgrade"
  },
  {
    "inEligType": "HJ",
    "msgCode": "C390",
    "msgLen": "0015",
    "textMsg": "Service upgrade"
  },
  {
    "inEligType": "J8",
    "msgCode": "C5HJ",
    "msgLen": "0016",
    "textMsg": "Delivery Attempt"
  }
] */

请注意，上面的实现不会检查字符串是否正确格式化；现在，如果你把垃圾送进去，你就会把垃圾拿出来。如果您想要更高的安全性，您可以进行运行时检查并抛出错误，例如，意外地跑出reasons 字符串的末尾，或者找到不代表数字的msgLen 字段。并且可以refactor，这样就不会重复像const s = reasons.substring(0, n); reasons = reasons.substring(n) 这样的代码。但是基本算法就在那里。

Playground link to code

Answer 3

RegExp 的另一种选择，代码更少

// Your data
const data =  "O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC3900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5000016Delivery Attempt";

// Set your data splitters from array
const spl = ["O9", "EO", "HJ", "J8"].join('|');

// Use regexp to parse data
const results = [];
data.replace(new RegExp(`(${spl})(\\w{4})(\\w{4})(.*?)(?=${spl}|$)`, 'g'), (m,a,b,c,d) => {
  // Form objects and push to res
  results.push({
    inEligType: a,
    msgCode: b,
    msgLen: c,
    textMsg: d
  });
});

// Result
console.log(results);

Answer 4

第一种方法，基于split 使用的groups capturing regex，由辅助函数处理，最后通过reduced 得到预期结果...

function chunkRight(arr, chunkLength) {
  const list = []; 
  arr = [...arr];
  while (arr.length >= chunkLength) {
    list.unshift(
      arr.splice(-chunkLength)
    );
  }
  return list;
}

// see also ... [https://regex101.com/r/tatBAB/1]
// with e.g.
// (?<inEligType>O9|EO|HJ|J8)(?<msgCode>\w{4})(?<msgLen>\d{4})
// ... or ...
// (O9|EO|HJ|J8)(\w{4})(\d{4})
//
function extractStatusItems(str, separators) {
  const regXSplit = RegExp(`(${ separators.join('|') })(\\w{4})(\\d{4})`);

  const statusValues = String(str).split(regXSplit).slice(1);
  const groupedValues = chunkRight(statusValues, 4);

  return groupedValues.reduce((list, [inEligType, msgCode, msgLen, textMsg]) =>
    list.concat({ inEligType, msgCode, msgLen, textMsg }), []
  );
}

const statusCode = 'O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC3900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5000016Delivery Attempt';

console.log(
  `statusCode ... ${ statusCode } ...`,
  extractStatusItems(statusCode, ['O9', 'EO', 'HJ', 'J8'])
);

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...其次是第二种方法，几乎​​完全基于regex which captures named groups，由matchAll 使用，最后mapped 进入预期结果...

// see also ... [https://regex101.com/r/tatBAB/2]
// with e.g.
// (?<inEligType>O9|EO|HJ|J8)(?<msgCode>\w{4})(?<msgLen>\d{4})(.*?)(?<textMsg>.*?)(?=O9|EO|HJ|J8|$)
//
function extractStatusItems(str, separators) {
  separators = separators.join('|');

  const regXCaptureValues = RegExp(
    `(?<inEligType>${ separators })(?<msgCode>\\w{4})(?<msgLen>\\d{4})(.*?)(?<textMsg>.*?)(?=${ separators }|$)`, 
    'g'
  );
  return [
    ...String(str).matchAll(regXCaptureValues)
  ].map(
    ({ groups }) => ({ ...groups })
  );
}

const statusCode = 'O9C2700021Not eligible for SDWCEOC3900015Service upgradeHJC3900015Service upgradeJ8C5000016Delivery Attempt';

console.log(
  `statusCode ... ${ statusCode } ...`,
  extractStatusItems(statusCode, ['O9', 'EO', 'HJ', 'J8'])
);

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