如何在Angular2中对Http get MockBackend进行单元测试？

Question

Angular2中如何对Http get MockBackend做单元测试？

我在测试我的 http 单元测试时遇到了问题。 每次我看 MockBackend 时都会感到困惑，很多代码和一些导入都不起作用。

我只想要一个非常基本的 http get 单元测试

我正在使用：typescript、angular2、jasmine 和 karma runner。

我的实际代码运行良好。

这是我正在测试的代码：

 import {Injectable} from 'angular2/angular2';
 import {HTTP_PROVIDERS, Http, Headers} from 'angular2/http';

 @Injectable()

 export class FirebaseService{
   headers: Headers;

   //Test issue seems to be here when I inject Http instance.
   constructor(public http?: Http) {  
     this.headers = new Headers();
     this.headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json');
   }

   //This is the method I'm testing.
   public getSpotifyTracks = ():Promise<Object> =>{ 
       return this.http
        .get('https://api.spotify.com/v1/tracks/0eGsygTp906u18L0Oimnem',      {headers:this.headers})
        .map((response) => {
           return response.json()
        }).toPromise();  
   }

 }

这是我对该代码的单元测试：

import {it, iit, describe, expect, inject, injectAsync, beforeEachProviders, fakeAsync, tick} from 'angular2/testing';
import {HTTP_PROVIDERS, Http, Headers} from 'angular2/http';
import {FirebaseService} from '../app/firebase-service';

describe('Firebase Service Calls', () => {
    beforeEachProviders(()=> [Http, FirebaseService]); 

    //Issue seems to be here????
    it('get all tracks from spotify', injectAsync([FirebaseService],(service) => {      

        return service.getSpotifyTracks().then((response) => {
          expect(response.length).not.toBe(null);
        });   

    }), 3000);

});

Answer 1

首先导入所有模块：

import {it,describe,expect,inject,injectAsync,beforeEachProviders} from 'angular2/testing';
import {provide, Injector} from 'angular2/core';

import {MockBackend} from 'angular2/http/testing';
import {YourServiceToBeTested} from 'path/to/YourServiceToBeTested';

接下来你需要声明 Moocked HttpBackend ：

describe('Service with Http injected', () => {
beforeEachProviders(() => {
[
  MockBackend,
  BaseRequestOptions,
  provide(
      Http,
         {
            useFactory: (backend, defaultOptions) => {
              return new Http(backend, defaultOptions);
       },
       deps: [MockBackend, BaseRequestOptions]
  }),
  YourServiceToBeTested
]
});

最后，在每个测试中，您需要注入模拟并设置模拟值（即您的服务针对此特定测试返回的虚假数据）

it('should respect your expectation',

inject(
  [YourServiceToBeTested, MockBackend],
  (yourServiceToBeTested, mockBackend) => {

    let response = 'Expected Response from HTTP service usually JSON format';
    let responseOptions = new ResponseOptions({body: response});
mock.connections.subscribe(
    c => c.mockRespond(new Response(responseOptions)));

    var res = yourServiceToBeTested.ServiceMethodToBeTest(serviceParams);
    expect(res).toEqual('your own expectation');
  }));

Answer 2

虽然@f-del 的回答得到了相同的结果，但这更容易并且更好地使用 Angulars DI。

describe('Firebase Service Calls', () => {
    beforeEachProviders(()=> [
        HTTP_PROVIDERS,
        MockBackend,
        provide(XHRBackend, {useExisting: MockBackend})]);

这样，当请求Http 时，会提供使用MockBackend 的实例。

Answer 3

在 Angular 2.2.1 中，核心中不再存在提供，所以我们应该这样做：

{
    provide : Http,
    deps : [ MockBackend, BaseRequestOptions ],
    useFactory : ( backend : MockBackend, defaultOptions : BaseRequestOptions ) => {
        return new Http( backend, defaultOptions );
    }
}

Answer 4

为了借鉴 @Milad 的回复，我为 Angular 2/4 单元测试找到了 great tutorial on mocking http calls。

searchService.service.ts

import {Injectable} from '@angular/core';
import {Jsonp} from '@angular/http';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/toPromise';

class SearchItem {
  constructor(public name: string,
              public artist: string,
              public thumbnail: string,
              public artistId: string) {
  }
}

@Injectable()
export class SearchService {
  apiRoot: string = 'https://itunes.apple.com/search';
  results: SearchItem[];

  constructor(private jsonp: Jsonp) {
    this.results = [];
  }

  search(term: string) {
    return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
      this.results = [];
      let apiURL = `${this.apiRoot}?term=${term}&media=music&limit=20&callback=JSONP_CALLBACK`;
      this.jsonp.request(apiURL)
          .toPromise()
          .then(
              res => { // Success
                this.results = res.json().results.map(item => {
                  console.log(item);
                  return new SearchItem(
                      item.trackName,
                      item.artistName,
                      item.artworkUrl60,
                      item.artistId
                  );
                });
                resolve(this.results);
              },
              msg => { // Error
                reject(msg);
              }
          );
    });
  }
}

searchService.service.spec.ts

describe('Service: Search', () => {

  let service: SearchService;
  let backend: MockBackend;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [JsonpModule],
      providers: [
        SearchService,
        MockBackend,
        BaseRequestOptions,
        {
          provide: Jsonp,
          useFactory: (backend, options) => new Jsonp(backend, options),
          deps: [MockBackend, BaseRequestOptions]
        }
      ]
    });

    backend = TestBed.get(MockBackend); 

    service = TestBed.get(SearchService); 
  });
});

it('search should return SearchItems', fakeAsync(() => { 
  let response = {
    "resultCount": 1,
    "results": [
      {
        "artistId": 78500,
        "artistName": "U2",
        "trackName": "Beautiful Day",
        "artworkUrl60": "image.jpg",
      }]
  };

  // When the request subscribes for results on a connection, return a fake response
  backend.connections.subscribe(connection => {
    connection.mockRespond(new Response(<ResponseOptions>{
      body: JSON.stringify(response)
    }));
  });

  // Perform a request and make sure we get the response we expect
  service.search("U2"); 
  tick(); 

  expect(service.results.length).toBe(1); 
  expect(service.results[0].artist).toBe("U2");
  expect(service.results[0].name).toBe("Beautiful Day");
  expect(service.results[0].thumbnail).toBe("image.jpg");
  expect(service.results[0].artistId).toBe(78500);
}));

Code and credit goes to Asim at CodeCraft.