将固定宽度的 txt 文件转换为 CSV / set-content 或 out-file -append？

Question

输入文件是一个固定宽度的 txt 文件。我的客户通常在 Excel 中打开它并手动指定分栏符。我希望用逗号替换某些空格，以便我可以解析为 CSV 并保存为 XLS 或其他格式。

$columBreaks = 20, 35, 50, 80, 100, 111, 131, 158, 161, 167, 183
[array]::Reverse($columBreaks) #too lazy to re-write array after finding out I need to iterate in reverse

$files = get-childitem ./ |where-object {$_.Name -like "FileFormat*.txt"}

foreach($file in $files)
{
    $name = $file.Name.split(".")
    $csvFile = $name[0]+".csv"
    if (!(get-childitem ./ |where-object {$_.Name -like $csvFile})) #check whether file has been processed
    { 
        $text = (gc $file) 
        foreach ($line in $text)
        {
           foreach ($pos in $columBreaks)
            {
                #$line.Substring($char-1,3).replace(" ", ",")
                $line = $line.Insert($pos,",")
                #out-file -append?
            }
        } 
    }
    #set-content?
}

那么写出这些内容的最有效方法是什么？我曾希望使用 set-content，但我认为这是不可能的，因为我们正在逐行处理，所以我认为我要么必须为 set-content 构建一组行，要么使用 write-out -为每次迭代追加。有没有更有效的方法来做到这一点？

Answer 1

Set-Content 通过一些小的调整应该可以正常工作。这是它应该如何工作的示例（这是您的外部 foreach 循环中的所有内容）：

$csvFile = $file.BaseName
    if (!(get-childitem ./ |where-object {$_.Name -like $csvFile})) #check whether file has been processed
    { 
        (gc $file | foreach {
                $_.Insert($columBreaks[0],",").Insert($columBreaks[1],",").Insert($columBreaks[2],",").`
                Insert($columBreaks[3],",").Insert($columBreaks[4],",").Insert($columBreaks[5],",").`
                Insert($columBreaks[6],",").Insert($columBreaks[7],",").Insert($columBreaks[8],",").`
                Insert($columBreaks[9],",").Insert($columBreaks[10],",")
            }) | set-content $csvFile #note parenthesis around everything that gets piped to set-content
    }

顺便说一句，您可以使用$file.BaseName 来获取不带扩展名的文件名，而不是在“.”上拆分文件名：

$csvFile = $file.BaseName + ".csv"

Answer 2

我认为这会出现很多。这是一个实际上过火并将固定宽度文件转换为对象的示例。然后将其导出到 csv 很简单。这也适用于转换像 netstat 这样的旧命令。

$cols = 0,19,38,59,81,97,120,123 # fake extra column at the end, assumes all rows are that wide, padded with spaces
$colsfile = 'columns.txt'
$csvfile = 'cust.csv'

$firstline = get-content $colsfile | select -first 1
$headers = for ($i = 0; $i -lt $cols.count - 1; $i++) {
  $firstline.substring($cols[$i], $cols[$i+1]-$cols[$i]).trim()
}

# string Substring(int startIndex, int length)                                                                                         

Get-Content $colsfile | select -skip 1 | ForEach {
  $hash = [ordered]@{}
  for ($i = 0; $i -lt $headers.length; $i++) {
    $value = $_.substring($cols[$i], $cols[$i+1]-$cols[$i]).trim()
    $hash += @{$headers[$i] = $value}
  }
  [pscustomobject]$hash
} | export-csv $csvfile

Answer 3

这是工作代码。修复了一些错误。

CD 'C:\\FOLDERPATH\'
$filter = "FILE_NAME_*.txt" 

$columns = 11,22,32,42,54 

# DO NOT NEED TO REVERSE [array]::Reverse($columns) #too lazy to re-write array after finding out I need to iterate in reverse

$files = get-childitem ./ |where-object {$_.Name -like $filter}
$newDelimiter = '|'

foreach($file in $files)
{
    $file

    $csvFile = 'C:\\FOLDERPATH\NEW_' + $file.BaseName + '.txt'
    if (!(get-childitem ./ |where-object {$_.Name -like $csvFile})) #check whether file has been processed
    { 

        $content | ForEach {
            $line = $_
            $counter = 0
            $columns | ForEach {
                $line = $line.Insert($_+$counter, $newDelimiter)  
                $counter = $counter + 1
                }
            $line = $line.Trim($newDelimiter)
            $line
        } | set-content $csvFile
    }

}