遍历 URL 时如何解决动态 DOM 问题？

Question

我想做以下事情：

1. 打开一个网址
2. 点击下载
3. 使用新网址打开新标签页
4. 关闭上一个标签
5. 点击新网址（新标签）上的下载
6. 重复

这是我的代码（底部有错误）：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
import time
from datetime import datetime, timedelta


# Load Chrome driver and movement.uber.com/cities website
PATH = 'C:\Program Files (x86)\chromedriver.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(PATH)
driver.get('https://movement.uber.com/explore/atlanta/travel-times/query?si1074&ti=&ag=taz&dt[tpb]=ALL_DAY&dt[wd;]=1,2,3,4,5,6,7&dt[dr][sd]=2016-01-02&dt[dr][ed]=2016-01-02&cd=&sa;=&sdn=&lat.=33.7489&lng.=-84.4234622&z.=12&lang=en-US')


# Clicking on download (note that this download the dataset I need, but it shows the point I want to make)
download_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/div/div[3]/button')
download_button.click()


# Open new tab
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://movement.uber.com/explore/atlanta/travel-times/query?si1074&ti=&ag=taz&dt[tpb]=ALL_DAY&dt[wd;]=1,2,3,4,5,6,7&dt[dr][sd]=2016-01-02&dt[dr][ed]=2016-01-02&cd=&sa;=&sdn=&lat.=33.7489&lng.=-84.4234622&z.=12&lang=en-US')")


# Switch to the previous tab and close it (leaving us with the new above-opened tab)
tabs = driver.window_handles

if len(tabs) > 1:
    driver.switch_to.window(tabs[0])
    driver.close()
    driver.switch_to.window(tabs[1])


# Click on download AGAIN, but in the newest window (this is where I have the problem)
download_button.click()

我得到的错误是：

StaleElementReferenceException            Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-88-1b0df7cfcd96> in <module>
----> 1 download_button.click()

c:\users\i539797\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py in click(self)
     78     def click(self):
     79         """Clicks the element."""
---> 80         self._execute(Command.CLICK_ELEMENT)
     81 
     82     def submit(self):

c:\users\i539797\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webelement.py in _execute(self, command, params)
    631             params = {}
    632         params['id'] = self._id
--> 633         return self._parent.execute(command, params)
    634 
    635     def find_element(self, by=By.ID, value=None):

c:\users\i539797\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py in execute(self, driver_command, params)
    319         response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
    320         if response:
--> 321             self.error_handler.check_response(response)
    322             response['value'] = self._unwrap_value(
    323                 response.get('value', None))

c:\users\i539797\appdata\local\programs\python\python38-32\lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py in check_response(self, response)
    240                 alert_text = value['alert'].get('text')
    241             raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace, alert_text)
--> 242         raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
    243 
    244     def _value_or_default(self, obj, key, default):

StaleElementReferenceException: Message: stale element reference: element is not attached to the page document
  (Session info: chrome=84.0.4147.105)

我怎样才能解决这个动态 DOM 问题，并且当我在新标签页时能够毫无问题地单击下载按钮？

我的最终目标是遍历具有不同日期的 URL，然后单击每个 URL，以便我可以分别下载每天的数据集。这就是为什么我需要访问不同的 URL。

Answer 1

在调用.click之前，请务必再次初始化您的download_button

# Click on download AGAIN, but in the newest window (this is where I have the problem)
download_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html/body/div[1]/div[1]/div[1]/div[3]/div/div[3]/button')
download_button.click()

虽然您的定位器工作正常，但请尝试将此定位器用于download_button：

download_button = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('div.f5 button')