您可以通过foo.__defaults__和foo.__kwdefaults__查看
看一个简单的例子
def foo(a, b, c=123, d=456, *, e=789, f=100):
print(foo.__defaults__)
# (123, 456)
print(foo.__kwdefaults__)
# {'e': 789, 'f': 100}
print(a, b, c, d, e, f)
#and these variables are also accessible out of function body
print(foo.__defaults__)
# (123, 456)
print(foo.__kwdefaults__)
# {'e': 789, 'f': 100}
foo.__kwdefaults__['e'] = 100500
foo(1, 2)
#(123, 456)
#{'f': 100, 'e': 100500}
#1 2 123 456 100500 100
然后使用运算符= 和is 可以比较它们
在某些情况下，下面的代码就足够了
例如，您需要避免更改默认值，然后您可以检查是否相等，如果是则复制
def update_and_show(data=Example):
if data is Example:
data = copy.deepcopy(data)
update_inplace(data) #some operation
print(data)
此外，使用inspect 中的getcallargs 非常方便，因为它返回将调用函数的真实参数。您将一个函数以及 args 和 kwargs 传递给它（inspect.getcallargs(func, /, *args, **kwds)），它将返回用于调用的真实方法的参数，同时考虑到默认值和其他内容。请看下面的示例。
from inspect import getcallargs
# we have a function with such signature
def show_params(first, second, third=3):
pass
# if you wanted to invoke it with such params (you could get them from a decorator as example)
args = [1, 2, 5]
kwargs = {}
print(getcallargs(show_params, *args, **kwargs))
#{'first': 1, 'second': 2, 'third': 5}
# here we didn't specify value for d
args = [1, 2, 3, 4]
kwargs = {}
# ----------------------------------------------------------
# but d has default value =7
def show_params1(first, *second, d = 7):
pass
print(getcallargs(show_params1, *args, **kwargs))
# it will consider b to be equal to default value 7 as it is in real method invocation
# {'first': 1, 'second': (2, 3, 4), 'd': 7}
# ----------------------------------------------------------
args = [1]
kwargs = {"d": 4}
def show_params2(first, d=3):
pass
print(getcallargs(show_params2, *args, **kwargs))
#{'first': 1, 'd': 4}
https://docs.python.org/3/library/inspect.html