这有点旧，但我遇到了需求，所以这是我想出的解决方案。
问题：
我们的开发团队维护着许多我们正在迁移到 AngularJS/Bootstrap 的 .NET Web 应用程序产品。 VS2010 不适合自定义构建过程，我的开发人员经常处理我们产品的多个版本。我们的 VCS 是 Subversion（我知道，我知道。我正在尝试迁移到 Git，但我讨厌的营销人员要求很高），一个 VS 解决方案将包括几个单独的项目。我需要我的员工有一个通用的方法来初始化他们的开发环境，而不必在同一台机器上多次安装相同的 Node 包（gulp、bower 等）。
TL;DR：
需要“npm install”来安装全局 Node/Bower 开发环境以及 .NET 产品所需的所有本地软件包。
只有在尚未安装的情况下才应安装全局包。
必须自动创建到全局包的本地链接。
解决方案：
我们已经拥有一个由所有开发人员和所有产品共享的通用开发框架，因此我创建了一个 NodeJS 脚本来在需要时安装全局包并创建本地链接。该脚本位于相对于产品基础文件夹的“....\SharedFiles”中：
/*******************************************************************************
* $Id: npm-setup.js 12785 2016-01-29 16:34:49Z sthames $
* ==============================================================================
* Parameters: 'links' - Create links in local environment, optional.
*
* <p>NodeJS script to install common development environment packages in global
* environment. <c>packages</c> object contains list of packages to install.</p>
*
* <p>Including 'links' creates links in local environment to global packages.</p>
*
* <p><b>npm ls -g --json</b> command is run to provide the current list of
* global packages for comparison to required packages. Packages are installed
* only if not installed. If the package is installed but is not the required
* package version, the existing package is removed and the required package is
* installed.</p>.
*
* <p>When provided as a "preinstall" script in a "package.json" file, the "npm
* install" command calls this to verify global dependencies are installed.</p>
*******************************************************************************/
var exec = require('child_process').exec;
var fs = require('fs');
var path = require('path');
/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* List of packages to install and 'from' value to pass to 'npm */
/* install'. Value must match the 'from' field in 'npm ls -json' */
/* so this script will recognize a package is already installed. */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
var packages =
{
"bower" : "bower@1.7.2",
"event-stream" : "event-stream@3.3.2",
"gulp" : "gulp@3.9.0",
"gulp-angular-templatecache" : "gulp-angular-templatecache@1.8.0",
"gulp-clean" : "gulp-clean@0.3.1",
"gulp-concat" : "gulp-concat@2.6.0",
"gulp-debug" : "gulp-debug@2.1.2",
"gulp-filter" : "gulp-filter@3.0.1",
"gulp-grep-contents" : "gulp-grep-contents@0.0.1",
"gulp-if" : "gulp-if@2.0.0",
"gulp-inject" : "gulp-inject@3.0.0",
"gulp-minify-css" : "gulp-minify-css@1.2.3",
"gulp-minify-html" : "gulp-minify-html@1.0.5",
"gulp-minify-inline" : "gulp-minify-inline@0.1.1",
"gulp-ng-annotate" : "gulp-ng-annotate@1.1.0",
"gulp-processhtml" : "gulp-processhtml@1.1.0",
"gulp-rev" : "gulp-rev@6.0.1",
"gulp-rev-replace" : "gulp-rev-replace@0.4.3",
"gulp-uglify" : "gulp-uglify@1.5.1",
"gulp-useref" : "gulp-useref@3.0.4",
"gulp-util" : "gulp-util@3.0.7",
"lazypipe" : "lazypipe@1.0.1",
"q" : "q@1.4.1",
"through2" : "through2@2.0.0",
/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* fork of 0.2.14 allows passing parameters to main-bower-files. */
/*---------------------------------------------------------------*/
"bower-main" : "git+https://github.com/Pyo25/bower-main.git"
}
/*******************************************************************************
* run */
/**
* Executes <c>cmd</c> in the shell and calls <c>cb</c> on success. Error aborts.
*
* Note: Error code -4082 is EBUSY error which is sometimes thrown by npm for
* reasons unknown. Possibly this is due to antivirus program scanning the file
* but it sometimes happens in cases where an antivirus program does not explain
* it. The error generally will not happen a second time so this method will call
* itself to try the command again if the EBUSY error occurs.
*
* @param cmd Command to execute.
* @param cb Method to call on success. Text returned from stdout is input.
*******************************************************************************/
var run = function(cmd, cb)
{
/*---------------------------------------------*/
/* Increase the maxBuffer to 10MB for commands */
/* with a lot of output. This is not necessary */
/* with spawn but it has other issues. */
/*---------------------------------------------*/
exec(cmd, { maxBuffer: 1000*1024 }, function(err, stdout)
{
if (!err) cb(stdout);
else if (err.code | 0 == -4082) run(cmd, cb);
else throw err;
});
};
/*******************************************************************************
* runCommand */
/**
* Logs the command and calls <c>run</c>.
*******************************************************************************/
var runCommand = function(cmd, cb)
{
console.log(cmd);
run(cmd, cb);
}
/*******************************************************************************
* Main line
*******************************************************************************/
var doLinks = (process.argv[2] || "").toLowerCase() == 'links';
var names = Object.keys(packages);
var name;
var installed;
var links;
/*------------------------------------------*/
/* Get the list of installed packages for */
/* version comparison and install packages. */
/*------------------------------------------*/
console.log('Configuring global Node environment...')
run('npm ls -g --json', function(stdout)
{
installed = JSON.parse(stdout).dependencies || {};
doWhile();
});
/*--------------------------------------------*/
/* Start of asynchronous package installation */
/* loop. Do until all packages installed. */
/*--------------------------------------------*/
var doWhile = function()
{
if (name = names.shift())
doWhile0();
}
var doWhile0 = function()
{
/*----------------------------------------------*/
/* Installed package specification comes from */
/* 'from' field of installed packages. Required */
/* specification comes from the packages list. */
/*----------------------------------------------*/
var current = (installed[name] || {}).from;
var required = packages[name];
/*---------------------------------------*/
/* Install the package if not installed. */
/*---------------------------------------*/
if (!current)
runCommand('npm install -g '+required, doWhile1);
/*------------------------------------*/
/* If the installed version does not */
/* match, uninstall and then install. */
/*------------------------------------*/
else if (current != required)
{
delete installed[name];
runCommand('npm remove -g '+name, function()
{
runCommand('npm remove '+name, doWhile0);
});
}
/*------------------------------------*/
/* Skip package if already installed. */
/*------------------------------------*/
else
doWhile1();
};
var doWhile1 = function()
{
/*-------------------------------------------------------*/
/* Create link to global package from local environment. */
/*-------------------------------------------------------*/
if (doLinks && !fs.existsSync(path.join('node_modules', name)))
runCommand('npm link '+name, doWhile);
else
doWhile();
};
现在，如果我想为我们的开发人员更新一个全局工具，我会更新“包”对象并签入新脚本。我的开发人员检查它并使用“node npm-setup.js”或通过任何正在开发的产品中的“npm install”运行它以更新全局环境。整个过程需要 5 分钟。
此外，为新开发人员配置环境，他们必须首先安装 NodeJS 和 GIT for Windows，重新启动计算机，检查“共享文件”文件夹和任何正在开发的产品，然后开始工作。
.NET 产品的“package.json”在安装前调用此脚本：
{
"name" : "Books",
"description" : "Node (npm) configuration for Books Database Web Application Tools",
"version" : "2.1.1",
"private" : true,
"scripts":
{
"preinstall" : "node ../../SharedFiles/npm-setup.js links",
"postinstall" : "bower install"
},
"dependencies": {}
}
备注
编辑 2016 年 1 月 29 日
上面更新的npm-setup.js脚本修改如下：
var packages 中的包“版本”现在是在命令行上传递给npm install 的“包”值。这已更改为允许从注册存储库以外的其他位置安装包。
如果已安装软件包但不是请求的软件包，则会删除现有软件包并安装正确的软件包。
由于未知原因，npm 在执行安装或链接时会定期抛出 EBUSY 错误 (-4082)。捕获此错误并重新执行命令。该错误很少发生第二次，并且似乎总是会清除。