bean 类型 java.util.Properties 的不满足依赖项异常

【问题标题】：Unsatisfied dependency exception for bean type java.util.Propertiesbean 类型 java.util.Properties 的不满足依赖项异常
【发布时间】：2022-01-21 15:41:14
【问题描述】：

我有一个Spring Framework 5.3.10 应用程序——不是Spring Boot。我在创建/注入Properties bean 时遇到了一个相当微不足道的问题。这是我的设置：

@Configuration
@AllArgsConstructor
@EnableTransactionManagement
@PropertySource("classpath:application.properties")
public class PersistenceConfig {
  @Bean
  public NamedParameterJdbcTemplate namedParameterJdbcTemplate() throws NamingException {
    return new NamedParameterJdbcTemplate(dataSource());
  }

  ...

  @Bean("employeeQueries")
  public Properties employeeQueries() throws IOException {
    final var properties = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
    properties.setLocation(new FileSystemResource("database/employee-queries.properties"));
    return properties.getObject();
  }
}

@Repository
@Transactional
@AllArgsConstructor
public class EmployeeJdbc implements IEmployeeJdbc {
  private final NamedParameterJdbcTemplate template;

  @Qualifier("employeeQueries")
  private final Properties queries; // Not getting injected >:/

  ...

堆栈跟踪在这个问题上非常清楚，但我仍然无法使其工作：

2021-12-19 19:19:40,771 |- ERROR in o.s.t.context.TestContextManager:252 [main] - Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener@14e2e1c3] to prepare test instance [org.acme.persistence.EmployeeJdbcTest@2b4786dd]
java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext
  at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:132)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:124)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:118)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:83)
  at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:248)
  at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$8(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:368)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$9(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:363)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:195)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:177)
  at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1655)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:484)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:474)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:312)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:735)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:734)
  at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:658)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:362)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:283)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:282)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$4(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:272)
  at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:369)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:271)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:31)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:102)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:101)
  at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:66)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$2(NodeTestTask.java:123)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:123)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:90)
  at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1541)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
  at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1541)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57)
  at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:107)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:88)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:67)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:52)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86)
  at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53)
  at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:71)
  at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
  at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
  at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'employeeJdbc' defined in file [/home/gorre/Workshop/Development/java-spring-jdbc/target/classes/org/acme/persistence/EmployeeJdbc.class]: Unsatisfied dependency expressed through constructor parameter 1; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'java.util.Properties' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier(value="employeeQueries")}
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:800)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.autowireConstructor(ConstructorResolver.java:229)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireConstructor(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1372)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBeanInstance(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1222)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:944)
  at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)
  at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:127)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:275)
  at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:243)
  at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
  at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:124)
  ... 69 common frames omitted
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'java.util.Properties' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier(value="employeeQueries")}
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1790)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1385)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1300)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:887)
  at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:791)
  ... 87 common frames omitted

关于为什么 Spring 无法发现该 bean 的任何线索？ namedParameterJdbcTemplate 在同一个文件上，没有employeeQueries 的设置工作正常——我只是试图将 SQL 查询放在 .properties 文件中，而不是在 Java 源代码中。

Lombok 的配置已经有lombok.copyableannotations += org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier。

目前，我只有一个 Properties 类型的 bean。无论如何，我给它分配了一个固定的标识符，因为我将来会有更多。 “有问题”的 bean 实际上被正确地实例化了（或者至少当我在 IDE 中放置一个调试点时，我看到的是这样）：

【问题讨论】：

  • 只是为了确定：两个类（@Configuration 和 @Repository）都使用 java.util.Properties?
  • PersistenceConfig 声明 bean（employeeQueries 类型为 java.util.Properties），EmployeeJdbc 使用它。
  • 能不能在producer方法中设置调试点或者log语句来检查producer方法是否被触发？
  • 好吧，这对我来说很不幸：/ ...为什么需要以编程方式调用properties.afterPropertiesSet() 才能工作？我真的很想避免这种情况。添加该调用后，它实际上工作正常，所以你在这个电话上赚钱了！谢谢！
  • 一个好的详细答案总是“努力工作”，但我尝试的很少！谢谢&欢迎

标签： java spring dependency-injection


【解决方案1】：

使用的（弹簧标准）“工厂”将FactoryBean<Properties> 实现为InitializingBean ...

按设计方法

@Bean
public FactoryBean<Properties> employeeQueries() throws IOException {
    final var factory = new PropertiesFactoryBean();
    // please prefer: File- ressource with *absolute* path, alternatively (spring) Classpath- or ServletContext-
    factory.setLocation(new FileSystemResource("database/employee-queries.properties"));
    return factory;
}

直接（问题解决方案/低影响）方法：

我们需要：

factory.afterProertiesSet();

收件人：

...在设置所有（工厂）bean 属性后，对其（工厂的）整体配置和最终初始化进行验证。

来源：https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/current/javadoc-api/org/springframework/beans/factory/config/PropertiesFactoryBean.html#afterPropertiesSet--

在我们可以之前：

factory.getObject();

但上述仅适用于@Bean（配置）方法主体，因为一旦离开它，Spring 就会“跳入”（再次&afterPropertiesSet/validate“在引擎盖下”，例如当我们公开工厂而不是属性）。

更多详情：

作为“经验法则”：

总是，当我们（初始化）时：

(any spring)InitializingBean factory = new InitializingBean();
factory.setXXX(...)
factory.setYYY(...)

我们应该（验证）：

factory.afterProertiesSet();

之前我们可以：

factory.getObject();

【讨论】：

  • 我刚刚尝试使用PropertiesFactoryBean 作为返回类型而不是Properties，它的工作原理完全相同。另一种答案可能是：只需使用PropertiesFactoryBean，而afterPropertiesSet 不需要以编程方式调用。就像您指出的那样，文档对此很清楚。
  • 我注意到的一个小问题（更多）：您在 FileResource 上使用相对路径...仅用于发布/简单性？否则：它有一些“缺陷”！ （开发/测试/CI-CD/容器/云...）
  • ..并使用“按设计”方法更新了答案...@Qualifier 仍然正确/使用..并且存储库未更改！？？
  • "database/employee-queries.properties"，听起来更好：ClasspathResource("/database/employee-queries.properties") !;)
  • 我实际上最终使用了ClasspathResource。
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