Django - 渲染在我的项目中不起作用

Question

我正在处理 1 周的表格，但无法解决我的问题。可能我忽略了其他眼睛容易发现的东西，但完全不知道该怎么做。我通过开始构建表单来识别问题。我不得不使用render 作为表单，但每次尝试都失败了。我能够连接数据库并在 html 页面中显示数据，但是每当我使用 render 而不是 render_to_response 时，它都会失败。据我所知，我不得不使用render 进行发布请求。不仅适用于形式，render 并不适用于所有人。即使是简单的：def home(request): context = {'foo': 'bar'} return render(request, 'main.html', context)

models.py

class ModuleNames(models.Model):
    ModuleName = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
    ModuleDesc = models.CharField(max_length = 256)
    ModuleSort = models.SmallIntegerField()
    isActive = models.BooleanField()
    ModuleType = models.ForeignKey(ModuleTypes, on_delete=models.CASCADE, null = True)
    slug = models.SlugField(('ModuleName'), max_length=50, blank=True)

class Meta:
    app_label = 'zz'
def __unicode__(self):
    return self.status

forms.py

from django import forms
from MyApp.models import ModuleNames

class ModuleForm(forms.ModelForm):
    moduleName = forms.CharField(label='Module Name', max_length=50)
    ModuleDesc = forms.CharField(max_length = 256)
    ModuleSort = forms.IntegerField()
    isActive = forms.BooleanField()
    ModuleType = forms.IntegerField()

class Meta:
    model = ModuleNames
    fields =('moduleName','ModuleDesc','ModuleSort','isActive','ModuleType')

view.py

from django.views.generic import TemplateView
from django.shortcuts import render,render_to_response, redirect
from django.template import RequestContext
import json
from django.core.serializers.json import Serializer
from django.http import HttpResponse, Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from urllib.parse import urlparse
from django.urls import resolve 
from django.db import connection
from collections import namedtuple
from django.db.models import F
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
from django.views.decorators.csrf import csrf_protect

from MyApp.models import ModuleNames
from MyApp.forms import ModuleForm

def AddNewModule(request):
    template_name = 'addnewmodule.html'
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = ModuleForm()
        posts = ModuleNames.objects.all()
        args = {'form': form, 'posts': posts }
        return render(request, template_name, args) #This part is showing data when i use render_to_response. But after clicking Save button on html page, it will give below first error.

    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = ModuleForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.pop('csrfmiddlewaretoken', None)
            post = form.save(commit=False)
            post.save()
            text = form.cleaned_data['post']
            form = ModuleForm()
            args = {'form': form, 'text': text}
            return render(request, template_name, args)

1. 我在使用render_to_response 时遇到的错误 禁止 (403) CSRF 验证失败。请求中止。

   帮助 失败原因： CSRF 令牌丢失或不正确。

2. 当我将render 用于任何功能时出错

       Environment:
   Request Method: GET
   Request URL: http://127.0.0.1:8000/addnewmodule
   
   Django Version: 2.1.3
   Python Version: 3.7.1
   Installed Applications:
   ['MyApp',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles']
   Installed Middleware:
   ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
   
   Traceback:
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/exception.py" in inner
   34.response = get_response(request)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
   126.response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py" in _get_response
   124.response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
   
   File "/Users/Cem/Documents/Projects/Python/Web/FirstApp/MyApp/views.py" in addnewmodule
   132.return render(request, template_name, args)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/shortcuts.py" in render
   36.content = loader.render_to_string(template_name, context, request, using=using)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/template/loader.py" in render_to_string
   62.return template.render(context, request)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/template/backends/django.py" in render
   61.return self.template.render(context)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/template/base.py" in render
   169.with context.bind_template(self):
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/contextlib.py" in __enter__
   112.return next(self.gen)
   
   File "/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.7/lib/python3.7/site-packages/django/template/context.py" in bind_template
   246.updates.update(processor(self.request))
   
   Exception Type: TypeError at /addnewmodule
   Exception Value: 'module' object is not callable
   

Answer 1

在 django 中了解 CSRF tokens，它用于站点保护/

Answer 2

您的addnewmodule.html 表单中缺少csrf_token，因此， 您可以返回addnewmodule.html 表单并像这样在标签form action="" method="POST" 下方添加{% csrf_token %}

<form action="" method="POST">
{% csrf_token %}