如何使用一组重叠最小的范围覆盖一个范围？答案

【问题标题】：How to cover a range using a set of ranges with minimal overlap?如何使用一组重叠最小的范围覆盖一个范围？
【发布时间】：2021-09-03 19:04:42
【问题描述】：

假设有 n 个任务和一组 m 人，每个人可以完成一系列任务（Ti 到 Tj）。完成每项任务的成本是 k* no。完成该任务的人。如果可能的话，至少完成一次所有任务的最低成本是多少。我觉得这是一个动态规划问题，但我无法达到最优方程。有人可以帮我找到正确的方程式或上面的代码块。为了更好地理解，我附上了几个例子。

n:4
m:3
Range of tasks for m people: {(3,4);(1,2);(2,3)}
Answer: m1 & m2 can complete all 4 tasks so cost is 4.

Ex2:
n:4
m:2
Range of tasks for m people: {(1,3);(2,4)}
Answer: m1 & m2 are both required to complete all 4 tasks so cost is 6.

【问题讨论】：

什么是k？根据示例，它似乎等于 1。
'1' 如果一个任务最多完成 k 次，那么它贡献的值就是 k。
所以，在这种情况下，成本是k = number of people...，没有*，否则我错过了什么。
no k 始终为 1 ，即 ONE 人完成一项任务的成本为 ONE，如果多人执行，则为该次数。
您可以将此问题表述为“如何使用一组重叠最少的范围来覆盖一个范围？”

标签： algorithm data-structures dynamic-programming greedy

【解决方案1】：

这里是贪心算法 - 总是最好的起点。

allocate all teams
IF not all sections covered
    output -1
    stop
mark all teams non-critical
flag_improved = true
WHILE( flag_improved == true )
   flag_improved = false
   find most expensive section 
   find most expensive non-critical team on most expensive section 
   IF team found that can be removed without leaving a section uncovered
       remove team
       flag_improved = true
   ELSE
       mark team critical
output cost - sum coverage of remaining teams

这是实现此算法的 C++ 应用程序的主要功能

main()
{
    std::vector<cTeam> teams;
    int bridge_section_count;
    Input( bridge_section_count, teams);

    // allocate all teams
    for (int s = 0; s < bridge_section_count; s++)
        Bridge.insert(std::pair(s, std::vector<cTeam>(0)));
    for (auto &t : teams)
        for (int s = t.myRange.first; s <= t.myRange.second; s++)
        {
            Bridge[s].push_back(t);
        }

    // check every section has at least one team allocated
    if (!IsCovered())
    {
        std::cout << "-1\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    // loop while improvements are being found
    bool flag_improved = true;
    while (flag_improved)
    {
        flag_improved = false;

        auto most_expensive_section = find_most_expensive_section();

        while (1)
        {
            // loop over teams allocated to most expensive section
            std::vector<cTeam>::iterator most_expensive_team;
            if (!find_most_expensive_non_critical_team(
                    most_expensive_team,
                    most_expensive_section))
            {
                break;
            }

            // check can team be removed without leaving section uncovered
            if (testRemoval(*most_expensive_team))
            {
                // remove team
                doRemoval(*most_expensive_team);
                flag_improved = true;
                break;
            }
            else
            {
                // this team is critical, it cannot be removed
                most_expensive_team->myCritical = true;
            }
        }
    }
    printResult();
}

完整的应用代码在https://gist.github.com/JamesBremner/ada6210a8517671abd45e882c97d526d

【讨论】：