Android - 为服务实现 startForeground？

Question

所以我不确定在哪里/如何实现此方法以使我的服务在前台运行。目前我在另一个活动中通过以下方式开始我的服务：

Intent i = new Intent(context, myService.class); 
context.startService(i);

然后在 myServices 的 onCreate() 中尝试 startForeground()...？

Notification notification = new Notification();
startForeground(1, notification);

所以是的，我有点迷茫，不确定如何实现这一点。

Answer 1

我会先完全填写Notification。 Here is a sample project 演示startForeground() 的使用。

Answer 2

在您的主要活动中，使用以下代码启动服务：

Intent i = new Intent(context, MyService.class); 
context.startService(i);

然后在您为onCreate() 服务时，您将构建您的通知并将其设置为前台，如下所示：

Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, MainActivity.class);

PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
                notificationIntent, 0);

Notification notification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.app_icon)
                .setContentTitle("My Awesome App")
                .setContentText("Doing some work...")
                .setContentIntent(pendingIntent).build();

startForeground(1337, notification);

Answer 3

奥利奥8.1解决方案

我遇到了一些问题，例如 RemoteServiceException，因为最新版本的 Android 的频道 ID 无效。我就是这样解决的：

活动：

override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
    val intent = Intent(this, BackgroundService::class.java)

    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
        startForegroundService(intent)
    } else {
        startService(intent)
    }
}

后台服务：

override fun onCreate() {
    super.onCreate()
    startForeground()
}

private fun startForeground() {

  
    val channelId =
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
                createNotificationChannel()
            } else {
                // If earlier version channel ID is not used
                // https://developer.android.com/reference/android/support/v4/app/NotificationCompat.Builder.html#NotificationCompat.Builder(android.content.Context)
                ""
            }

    val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId )
    val notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
            .setPriority(PRIORITY_MIN)
            .setCategory(Notification.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
            .build()
    startForeground(101, notification)
}


@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
private fun createNotificationChannel(): String{
    val channelId = "my_service"
    val channelName = "My Background Service"
    val chan = NotificationChannel(channelId,
            channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH)
    chan.lightColor = Color.BLUE
    chan.importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE
    chan.lockscreenVisibility = Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE
    val service = getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) as NotificationManager
    service.createNotificationChannel(chan)
    return channelId
}

JAVA 等价物

public class YourService extends Service {

    // Constants
    private static final int ID_SERVICE = 101;
    
    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
        return START_STICKY;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        super.onCreate();

        // do stuff like register for BroadcastReceiver, etc.

        // Create the Foreground Service
        NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
        String channelId = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O ? createNotificationChannel(notificationManager) : "";
        NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId);
        Notification notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
                .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
                .setPriority(PRIORITY_MIN)
                .setCategory(NotificationCompat.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
                .build();

        startForeground(ID_SERVICE, notification);
    }
    
    @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
    private String createNotificationChannel(NotificationManager notificationManager){
        String channelId = "my_service_channelid";
        String channelName = "My Foreground Service";
        NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId, channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
        // omitted the LED color
        channel.setImportance(NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE);
        channel.setLockscreenVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE);
        notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
        return channelId;
    }
}

Answer 4

这是我将服务设置为前台的代码：

private void runAsForeground(){
    Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, RecorderMainActivity.class);
    PendingIntent pendingIntent=PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
            notificationIntent, Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);

    Notification notification=new NotificationCompat.Builder(this)
                                .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
                                .setContentText(getString(R.string.isRecording))
                                .setContentIntent(pendingIntent).build();

    startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID, notification);

}

我需要使用 PendingIntent 构建一个通知，以便我可以从该通知开始我的主要活动。

要删除通知，只需调用 stopForeground(true);

它在 onStartCommand() 中被调用。请参考我的代码：https://github.com/bearstand/greyparrot/blob/master/src/com/xiong/richard/greyparrot/Mp3Recorder.java

Answer 5

除了RAWA回答，本和平代码：

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
    startForegroundService(intent)
} else {
    startService(intent)
}

你可以改成：

ContextCompat.startForegroundService(context, yourIntent);

如果你看一下这个方法，你会发现这个方法为你做了所有的检查工作。

Answer 6

如果你想让 IntentService 成为前台服务

那么你应该像这样覆盖onHandleIntent()

Override
protected void onHandleIntent(@Nullable Intent intent) {


    startForeground(FOREGROUND_ID,getNotification());     //<-- Makes Foreground

   // Do something

    stopForeground(true);                                // <-- Makes it again a normal Service                         

}

   

如何通知？

简单。这里是getNotification() 方法

public Notification getNotification()
{

    Intent intent = new Intent(this, SecondActivity.class);
    PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this,0,intent,0);


    NotificationCompat.Builder foregroundNotification = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
    foregroundNotification.setOngoing(true);

    foregroundNotification.setContentTitle("MY Foreground Notification")
            .setContentText("This is the first foreground notification Peace")
            .setSmallIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_btn_speak_now)
            .setContentIntent(pendingIntent);


    return foregroundNotification.build();
}

深入了解

当服务变成前台服务时会发生什么

发生这种情况

什么是前台服务？

前台服务，

• 确保用户主动意识到后台正在发生的事情 通过提供通知。

• （最重要的是）在内存不足时不会被系统杀死

前台服务用例

Implementing song download functionality in a Music App

Answer 7

在 onCreate() 中为“OS >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O”添加给定的代码服务类

@Override
public void onCreate(){
    super.onCreate();

     .................................
     .................................

    //For creating the Foreground Service
    NotificationManager notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
    String channelId = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O ? getNotificationChannel(notificationManager) : "";
    NotificationCompat.Builder notificationBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this, channelId);
    Notification notification = notificationBuilder.setOngoing(true)
            .setSmallIcon(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
           // .setPriority(PRIORITY_MIN)
            .setCategory(NotificationCompat.CATEGORY_SERVICE)
            .build();

    startForeground(110, notification);
}



@RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O)
private String getNotificationChannel(NotificationManager notificationManager){
    String channelId = "channelid";
    String channelName = getResources().getString(R.string.app_name);
    NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId, channelName, NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_HIGH);
    channel.setImportance(NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE);
    channel.setLockscreenVisibility(Notification.VISIBILITY_PRIVATE);
    notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
    return channelId;
}

在清单文件中添加此权限：

 <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

Answer 8

使用 startCommand 处理服务意图。

 stopForeground(true)

此调用将从前台状态中删除服务，如果需要更多内存，则可以将其终止。 这不会停止服务运行。为此，您需要调用 stopSelf() 或相关方法。

传递值 true 或 false 指示是否要删除通知。

val ACTION_STOP_SERVICE = "stop_service"
val NOTIFICATION_ID_SERVICE = 1
...  
override fun onStartCommand(intent: Intent, flags: Int, startId: Int): Int {
    super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId)
    if (ACTION_STOP_SERVICE == intent.action) {
        stopForeground(true)
        stopSelf()
    } else {
        //Start your task

        //Send forground notification that a service will run in background.
        sendServiceNotification(this)
    }
    return Service.START_NOT_STICKY
}

stopSelf() 调用销毁时处理您的任务。

override fun onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy()
    //Stop whatever you started
}

创建通知以保持服务在前台运行。

//This is from Util class so as not to cloud your service
fun sendServiceNotification(myService: Service) {
    val notificationTitle = "Service running"
    val notificationContent = "<My app> is using <service name> "
    val actionButtonText = "Stop"
    //Check android version and create channel for Android O and above
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
        //You can do this on your own
        //createNotificationChannel(CHANNEL_ID_SERVICE)
    }
    //Build notification
    val notificationBuilder = NotificationCompat.Builder(applicationContext, CHANNEL_ID_SERVICE)
    notificationBuilder.setAutoCancel(true)
            .setDefaults(NotificationCompat.DEFAULT_ALL)
            .setWhen(System.currentTimeMillis())
            .setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_location)
            .setContentTitle(notificationTitle)
            .setContentText(notificationContent)
            .setVibrate(null)
    //Add stop button on notification
    val pStopSelf = createStopButtonIntent(myService)
    notificationBuilder.addAction(R.drawable.ic_location, actionButtonText, pStopSelf)
    //Build notification
    val notificationManagerCompact = NotificationManagerCompat.from(applicationContext)
    notificationManagerCompact.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_SERVICE, notificationBuilder.build())
    val notification = notificationBuilder.build()
    //Start notification in foreground to let user know which service is running.
    myService.startForeground(NOTIFICATION_ID_SERVICE, notification)
    //Send notification
    notificationManagerCompact.notify(NOTIFICATION_ID_SERVICE, notification)
}

在通知上提供停止按钮以在用户需要时停止服务。

/**
 * Function to create stop button intent to stop the service.
 */
private fun createStopButtonIntent(myService: Service): PendingIntent? {
    val stopSelf = Intent(applicationContext, MyService::class.java)
    stopSelf.action = ACTION_STOP_SERVICE
    return PendingIntent.getService(myService, 0,
            stopSelf, PendingIntent.FLAG_CANCEL_CURRENT)
}

Answer 9

注意：如果您的应用以 API 级别 26 或更高级别为目标，系统会限制使用或创建后台服务，除非应用本身位于前台。

如果应用需要创建前台服务，应用应该调用startForegroundService()。该方法创建一个后台服务，但该方法向系统发出信号，该服务将把自己提升到前景。

服务创建后，服务必须调用其startForeground() method within five seconds.

Answer 10

就我而言，情况完全不同，因为我没有在 Oreo 上启动该服务的活动。

以下是我用来解决此前台服务问题的步骤 -

public class SocketService extends Service {
    private String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        Log.d(TAG, "Inside onCreate() API");
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 26) {
            NotificationCompat.Builder mBuilder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(this);
            mBuilder.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher);
            mBuilder.setContentTitle("Notification Alert, Click Me!");
            mBuilder.setContentText("Hi, This is Android Notification Detail!");
            NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);

            // notificationID allows you to update the notification later on.
            mNotificationManager.notify(100, mBuilder.build());
            startForeground(100, mBuilder.mNotification);
        }
        Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "inside onCreate()", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
    }


    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent resultIntent, int resultCode, int startId) {
        Log.d(TAG, "inside onStartCommand() API");

        return startId;
    }


    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        Log.d(TAG, "inside onDestroy() API");

    }

    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }
}

然后启动这个服务，我在 cmd 下触发 -

---

adb -s " + serial_id + " shell am startforegroundservice -n com.test.socket.sample/.SocketService

---

所以这有助于我在奥利奥设备上不活动的情况下启动服务:)

Answer 11

@mikebertiean 解决方案几乎成功了，但我遇到了额外的问题——我使用 Gingerbread 系统，我不想添加一些额外的包来运行通知。最后我发现： https://android.googlesource.com/platform/frameworks/support.git+/f9fd97499795cd47473f0344e00db9c9837eea36/v4/gingerbread/android/support/v4/app/NotificationCompatGingerbread.java

然后我遇到了其他问题——通知只是在我的应用程序运行时杀死了它（如何解决这个问题：Android: How to avoid that clicking on a Notification calls onCreate()），所以总的来说我的服务代码看起来像这样（C#/Xamarin）：

Intent notificationIntent = new Intent(this, typeof(MainActivity));
// make the changes to manifest as well
notificationIntent.SetFlags(ActivityFlags.ClearTop | ActivityFlags.SingleTop);
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.GetActivity(this, 0, notificationIntent, 0);
Notification notification = new Notification(Resource.Drawable.Icon, "Starting service");
notification.SetLatestEventInfo(this, "MyApp", "Monitoring...", pendingIntent);
StartForeground(1337, notification);