Selenium WebDriver 的 isDisplayed() 方法是如何工作的

Question

我目前有很多情况需要验证页面（及其所有元素）是否正确显示。 WebElement 的isDisplayed() 方法似乎是执行此操作的合乎逻辑的方法，但是我想准确了解此方法在确定是否“显示”元素时所做的工作。 javadoc 没有说明该方法的内部工作原理，并且网络上的其他信息充其量似乎是稀疏的。

如果有人能详细说明此方法的工作原理，我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

WebDriver 有自己的W3C specification。

关于determining visibility 的部分是你所追求的。

我会警告说，“显示”是一个如此广泛的术语，因此它有很多场景。因此，很可能存在 WebDriver 不考虑的情况。

因此，重要的是，事实上，至关重要，要记住“显示”或“可见”的东西有许多含义。 （同理一个页面被完全加载，也有很多含义。）

还要记住 Selenium 是 entirely open source. 没有什么可以阻止您重新签出存储库并在本地检查它。

Answer 2

我相信 Selenium 可以确定一个元素是否显示。如果它不起作用，您可以提出错误和/或修复您看到的任何问题并提供补丁。

这就是方法的作用（取自当前的Selenium source code）：

/**
 * Determines whether an element is what a user would call "shown". This means
 * that the element is shown in the viewport of the browser, and only has
 * height and width greater than 0px, and that its visibility is not "hidden"
 * and its display property is not "none".
 * Options and Optgroup elements are treated as special cases: they are
 * considered shown iff they have a enclosing select element that is shown.
 *
 * @param {!Element} elem The element to consider.
 * @param {boolean=} opt_ignoreOpacity Whether to ignore the element's opacity
 *     when determining whether it is shown; defaults to false.
 * @return {boolean} Whether or not the element is visible.
 */
bot.dom.isShown = function(elem, opt_ignoreOpacity) {
  if (!bot.dom.isElement(elem)) {
    throw new Error('Argument to isShown must be of type Element');
  }

  // Option or optgroup is shown iff enclosing select is shown (ignoring the
  // select's opacity).
  if (bot.dom.isElement(elem, goog.dom.TagName.OPTION) ||
      bot.dom.isElement(elem, goog.dom.TagName.OPTGROUP)) {
    var select = /**@type {Element}*/ (goog.dom.getAncestor(elem, function(e) {
      return bot.dom.isElement(e, goog.dom.TagName.SELECT);
    }));
    return !!select && bot.dom.isShown(select, /*ignoreOpacity=*/true);
  }

  // Image map elements are shown if image that uses it is shown, and
  // the area of the element is positive.
  var imageMap = bot.dom.maybeFindImageMap_(elem);
  if (imageMap) {
    return !!imageMap.image &&
           imageMap.rect.width > 0 && imageMap.rect.height > 0 &&
           bot.dom.isShown(imageMap.image, opt_ignoreOpacity);
  }

  // Any hidden input is not shown.
  if (bot.dom.isElement(elem, goog.dom.TagName.INPUT) &&
      elem.type.toLowerCase() == 'hidden') {
    return false;
  }

  // Any NOSCRIPT element is not shown.
  if (bot.dom.isElement(elem, goog.dom.TagName.NOSCRIPT)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Any element with hidden visibility is not shown.
  if (bot.dom.getEffectiveStyle(elem, 'visibility') == 'hidden') {
    return false;
  }

  // Any element with a display style equal to 'none' or that has an ancestor
  // with display style equal to 'none' is not shown.
  function displayed(e) {
    if (bot.dom.getEffectiveStyle(e, 'display') == 'none') {
      return false;
    }
    var parent = bot.dom.getParentElement(e);
    return !parent || displayed(parent);
  }
  if (!displayed(elem)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Any transparent element is not shown.
  if (!opt_ignoreOpacity && bot.dom.getOpacity(elem) == 0) {
    return false;
  }

  // Any element with the hidden attribute or has an ancestor with the hidden
  // attribute is not shown
  function isHidden(e) {
    //IE does not support hidden attribute yet
    if (goog.userAgent.IE) {
      return true;
    }
    if (e.hasAttribute) {
      if (e.hasAttribute('hidden')){
        return false;
      }
    } else {
      return true;
    }
    var parent = bot.dom.getParentElement(e);
    return !parent || isHidden(parent);
  }

  if (!isHidden(elem)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Any element without positive size dimensions is not shown.
  function positiveSize(e) {
    var rect = bot.dom.getClientRect(e);
    if (rect.height > 0 && rect.width > 0) {
      return true;
    }
    // A vertical or horizontal SVG Path element will report zero width or
    // height but is "shown" if it has a positive stroke-width.
    if (bot.dom.isElement(e, 'PATH') && (rect.height > 0 || rect.width > 0)) {
      var strokeWidth = bot.dom.getEffectiveStyle(e, 'stroke-width');
      return !!strokeWidth && (parseInt(strokeWidth, 10) > 0);
    }
    // Zero-sized elements should still be considered to have positive size
    // if they have a child element or text node with positive size, unless
    // the element has an 'overflow' style of 'hidden'.
    return bot.dom.getEffectiveStyle(e, 'overflow') != 'hidden' &&
        goog.array.some(e.childNodes, function(n) {
          return n.nodeType == goog.dom.NodeType.TEXT ||
                 (bot.dom.isElement(n) && positiveSize(n));
        });
  }
  if (!positiveSize(elem)) {
    return false;
  }

  // Elements that are hidden by overflow are not shown.
  if (bot.dom.getOverflowState(elem) == bot.dom.OverflowState.HIDDEN) {
    return false;
  }

不确定它是否真的需要更多解释，cmets 很清楚。如果您想添加更多信息，请告诉我。