Mongodb错误：未知顶级运算符：$set;如何更新记录？答案

【问题标题】：Mongo DB error: unknown top level operator: $set; How to upsert this record?Mongodb错误：未知顶级运算符：$set;如何更新记录？
【发布时间】：2021-03-12 22:36:35
【问题描述】：

我是 MongoDB 的初学者。我将它与节点和快递一起使用。我的目标是“插入”（或者说“upsert”更好地说）一个在网页上注册的新用户，该用户使用数据库函数在插入时创建“registration_time”。其他人告诉我， updateOne() 而不是 insert() 是实现这一目标的最佳方式。也许那是个坏建议。所以我有下面的代码，它给出了错误“未知的顶级运算符 $set”。好的，如果这不起作用，我想我会做一些涉及 _id 和 new ObjectID() 的事情来让它工作。

const registerUser = async (user) => {
  const database = await connect();
  return database.collection('user').updateOne(
    {
      $set: {
        username: user.username,
        email: user.email,
        password: user.password,
        password_hash: user.password_hash,
      },
    },
    { $currentDate: { registration_time: true } },
    { $upsert: true }
  );
};

然后我将代码更改为下面的代码（让 Mongo 在插入时给我一个 ObjectID），它消除了未知的顶级运算符 $set" 错误，但给了我一些我没有的其他错误知道如何解释。

const registerUser = async (user) => {
  const database = await connect();
  return database.collection('user').updateOne(
    { _id: new ObjectID() },
    {
      $set: {
        username: user.username,
        email: user.email,
        password: user.password,
        password_hash: user.password_hash,
      },
    },
    { $currentDate: { registration_time: true } },
    { $upsert: true }
  );
};

我在我的网页上确认没有插入新用户。这是错误对象（我假设就是这样）。我做错了什么？

  app:routes:account CommandResult {
  app:routes:account   result: {
  app:routes:account     n: 0,
  app:routes:account     nModified: 0,
  app:routes:account     opTime: { ts: [Timestamp], t: 2 },
  app:routes:account     electionId: 7fffffff0000000000000002,
  app:routes:account     ok: 1,
  app:routes:account     '$clusterTime': { clusterTime: [Timestamp], signature: [Object] },
  app:routes:account     operationTime: Timestamp { _bsontype: 'Timestamp', low_: 2, high_: 1606781586 }
  app:routes:account   },
  app:routes:account   connection: Connection {
  app:routes:account     _events: [Object: null prototype] {
  app:routes:account       commandStarted: [Function],
  app:routes:account       commandFailed: [Function],
  app:routes:account       commandSucceeded: [Function],
  app:routes:account       clusterTimeReceived: [Function]
  app:routes:account     },
  app:routes:account     _eventsCount: 4,
  app:routes:account     _maxListeners: undefined,
  app:routes:account     id: 1,
  app:routes:account     address: '34.123.254.59:27017',
  app:routes:account     bson: BSON {},
  app:routes:account     socketTimeout: 0,
  app:routes:account     host: 'cluster0-shard-00-02.ht4ef.mongodb.net',
  app:routes:account     port: 27017,
  app:routes:account     monitorCommands: false,
  app:routes:account     closed: false,
  app:routes:account     destroyed: false,
  app:routes:account     lastIsMasterMS: 24,
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(kCapture)]: false,
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(description)]: StreamDescription {
  app:routes:account       address: '34.123.254.59:27017',
  app:routes:account       type: 'RSPrimary',
  app:routes:account       minWireVersion: 0,
  app:routes:account       maxWireVersion: 8,
  app:routes:account       maxBsonObjectSize: 16777216,
  app:routes:account       maxMessageSizeBytes: 48000000,
  app:routes:account       maxWriteBatchSize: 100000,
  app:routes:account       compressors: []
  app:routes:account     },
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(generation)]: 0,
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(lastUseTime)]: 500832082,
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(queue)]: Map {},
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(messageStream)]: MessageStream {
  app:routes:account       _readableState: [ReadableState],
  app:routes:account       readable: true,
  app:routes:account       _events: [Object: null prototype],
  app:routes:account       _eventsCount: 7,
  app:routes:account       _maxListeners: undefined,
  app:routes:account       _writableState: [WritableState],
  app:routes:account       writable: true,
  app:routes:account       allowHalfOpen: true,
  app:routes:account       bson: BSON {},
  app:routes:account       maxBsonMessageSize: 67108864,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kCapture)]: false,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(buffer)]: [BufferList]
  app:routes:account     },
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(stream)]: TLSSocket {
  app:routes:account       _tlsOptions: [Object],
  app:routes:account       _secureEstablished: true,
  app:routes:account       _securePending: false,
  app:routes:account       _newSessionPending: false,
  app:routes:account       _controlReleased: true,
  app:routes:account       secureConnecting: true,
  app:routes:account       _SNICallback: null,
  app:routes:account       servername: 'cluster0-shard-00-02.ht4ef.mongodb.net',
  app:routes:account       alpnProtocol: false,
  app:routes:account       authorized: true,
  app:routes:account       authorizationError: null,
  app:routes:account       encrypted: true,
  app:routes:account       _events: [Object: null prototype],
  app:routes:account       _eventsCount: 9,
  app:routes:account       connecting: false,
  app:routes:account       _hadError: false,
  app:routes:account       _parent: null,
  app:routes:account       _host: 'cluster0-shard-00-02.ht4ef.mongodb.net',
  app:routes:account       _readableState: [ReadableState],
  app:routes:account       readable: true,
  app:routes:account       _maxListeners: undefined,
  app:routes:account       _writableState: [WritableState],
  app:routes:account       writable: true,
  app:routes:account       allowHalfOpen: false,
  app:routes:account       _sockname: null,
  app:routes:account       _pendingData: null,
  app:routes:account       _pendingEncoding: '',
  app:routes:account       server: undefined,
  app:routes:account       _server: null,
  app:routes:account       ssl: [TLSWrap],
  app:routes:account       _requestCert: true,
  app:routes:account       _rejectUnauthorized: true,
  app:routes:account       timeout: 0,
  app:routes:account       _peername: [Object],
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(res)]: [TLSWrap],
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(verified)]: true,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(pendingSession)]: null,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(asyncId)]: 438,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kHandle)]: [TLSWrap],
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kSetNoDelay)]: true,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(lastWriteQueueSize)]: 0,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(timeout)]: Timeout {
  app:routes:account         _idleTimeout: -1,
  app:routes:account         _idlePrev: null,
  app:routes:account         _idleNext: null,
  app:routes:account         _idleStart: 23841,
  app:routes:account         _onTimeout: null,
  app:routes:account         _timerArgs: undefined,
  app:routes:account         _repeat: null,
  app:routes:account         _destroyed: true,
  app:routes:account         [Symbol(refed)]: false,
  app:routes:account         [Symbol(asyncId)]: 441,
  app:routes:account         [Symbol(triggerId)]: 433
  app:routes:account       },
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kBuffer)]: null,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kBufferCb)]: null,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kBufferGen)]: null,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kCapture)]: false,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kBytesRead)]: 0,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(kBytesWritten)]: 0,
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(connect-options)]: [Object],
  app:routes:account       [Symbol(disable-renegotiation)]: true
  app:routes:account     },
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(clusterTime)]: { clusterTime: [Timestamp], signature: [Object] },
  app:routes:account     [Symbol(ismaster)]: {
  app:routes:account       hosts: [Array],
  app:routes:account       setName: 'atlas-qzzelf-shard-0',
  app:routes:account       setVersion: 1,
  app:routes:account       ismaster: true,
  app:routes:account       secondary: false,
  app:routes:account       primary: 'cluster0-shard-00-02.ht4ef.mongodb.net:27017',
  app:routes:account       tags: [Object],
  app:routes:account       me: 'cluster0-shard-00-02.ht4ef.mongodb.net:27017',
  app:routes:account       electionId: 7fffffff0000000000000002,
  app:routes:account       lastWrite: [Object],
  app:routes:account       maxBsonObjectSize: 16777216,
  app:routes:account       maxMessageSizeBytes: 48000000,
  app:routes:account       maxWriteBatchSize: 100000,
  app:routes:account       localTime: 2020-12-01T00:13:06.393Z,
  app:routes:account       logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes: 30,
  app:routes:account       connectionId: 590075,
  app:routes:account       minWireVersion: 0,
  app:routes:account       maxWireVersion: 8,
  app:routes:account       readOnly: false,
  app:routes:account       ok: 1,
  app:routes:account       '$clusterTime': [Object],
  app:routes:account       operationTime: [Timestamp]
  app:routes:account     }
  app:routes:account   },
  app:routes:account   message: BinMsg {
  app:routes:account     parsed: true,
  app:routes:account     raw: <Buffer f5 00 00 00 7c 9a 39 06 06 00 00 00 dd 07 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00 00 10 6e 00 00 00 00 00 10 6e 4d 6f 64 69 66 69 65 64 00 00 00 00 00 03 6f 70 ... 195 more bytes>,
  app:routes:account     data: <Buffer 00 00 00 00 00 e0 00 00 00 10 6e 00 00 00 00 00 10 6e 4d 6f 64 69 66 69 65 64 00 00 00 00 00 03 6f 70 54 69 6d 65 00 1c 00 00 00 11 74 73 00 02 00 00 ... 179 more bytes>,
  app:routes:account     bson: BSON {},
  app:routes:account     opts: { promoteLongs: true, promoteValues: true, promoteBuffers: false },
  app:routes:account     length: 245,
  app:routes:account     requestId: 104438396,
  app:routes:account     responseTo: 6,
  app:routes:account     opCode: 2013,
  app:routes:account     fromCompressed: undefined,
  app:routes:account     responseFlags: 0,
  app:routes:account     checksumPresent: false,
  app:routes:account     moreToCome: false,
  app:routes:account     exhaustAllowed: false,
  app:routes:account     promoteLongs: true,
  app:routes:account     promoteValues: true,
  app:routes:account     promoteBuffers: false,
  app:routes:account     documents: [ [Object] ],
  app:routes:account     index: 229
  app:routes:account   },
  app:routes:account   modifiedCount: 0,
  app:routes:account   upsertedId: null,
  app:routes:account   upsertedCount: 0,
  app:routes:account   matchedCount: 0
  app:routes:account } +1ms

【问题讨论】：

标签： javascript node.js database mongodb upsert

【解决方案1】：

如果您想添加新用户，您必须创建新用户并需要保存该用户。

1.根据您的架构，您需要创建一个模型

const User =mongoose.model("collection_name",schema)

2.然后你可以这样创建新用户并保存

const new_user =new User({
//here you can mention user details according to schema
})
//save method return promise so we need to handle it
 new_user.save()
          .then(()=>console.log("success"))
      .catch((err)=>console.log(err.message))

【讨论】：

谢谢，鲁佩什。我不熟悉猫鼬，这不是我在这个项目中一直使用的，不过我可能会在以后学习。我想我可能已经解决了。问题是我有“$upsert”而不是“upsert”。后者是正确的。希望错误消息会更有帮助，但我感谢您的尝试。

【解决方案2】：

我放的是 $upsert，而不是 upsert。问题解决了，所以现在更正了。 :)

const registerUser = async (user) => {
  const database = await connect();
  return database.collection('user').updateOne(
    {
      $set: {
        username: user.username,
        email: user.email,
        password: user.password,
        password_hash: user.password_hash,
      },
    },
    { $currentDate: { registration_time: true } },
    { upsert: true }
  );
};

【讨论】：