【发布时间】:2016-01-06 13:36:04
【问题描述】:
作为实现编译器的类项目的一部分,我还实现了一个哈希表,用作编译器的符号表。
哈希表的实现是非常底层的,一个手动打包的原始内存块,它只打算存储 Token 对象。因此,为了优化哈希表的可序列化,我决定简单地内联表中的 Token,即在第一次插入 Token 时简单地将 Token 对象 memcpy 到表的内存中。
我知道不应该 memcpy a class that has virtual functions or pointers 和 general using memcpy on objects of a class is bad practice。但是,从下面的声明中可以看出,Token 类没有虚函数或指针,如果这不是低级编程的练习,我不会使用 memcpy。
class Token {
public:
Token() : tag(BAD) {}
Token(Tag t) : tag(t) {}
Tag tag;
size_t getSize(){ return sizeof(Token); }
};
我遇到的问题是哈希表正确插入了令牌,并且在查找相同的键时找到了相同的内存位置,但是,当我尝试访问返回的令牌指针的成员时,它似乎数据已损坏。
我编写了一个程序来测试一个简单输入的符号表。该程序执行以下操作:
- 将输入文件读入缓冲区。
- 通过将所有内置标记插入 Lexer 符号表来初始化 Lexer。
- 在输入时调用 Lexer 的 getToken 方法并打印 Token 的标签,直到读取 EOF Token。
虽然符号表返回它在内存中插入 Token 的相同位置,但 Token 的标记属性不再与插入的原始位置匹配。下面是程序在符号表中插入关键字program时的日志输出:
[debug] Entering SymbolTable.insert(const char* key)
[debug] bin: 48 Searching for the last element in this bin's linked list.
[debug] Last entry found... writing to entry's next location field.
[debug] Writing the new entry's identifier to the table.
[debug] The identifier: program has been written to the table.
[debug] The memory blocks are not equal prior to assignment.
[debug] The memory blocks are equal.
[debug] nextLoc: 571 tag: 46
[debug] Location of Token: 14287688
下面是程序随后在符号表中查找标识符program时的日志输出。
[debug] Entering Lexer.getToken()
[debug] Entering SymbolTable.contains(const char* key)
[debug] Entering SymbolTable.find(const char* key) key: program
[debug] bin: 48
[debug] Search location: 541
[debug] Comparing key char: p to table char: p
[debug] Comparing key char: r to table char: a
[debug] Tag of entry: 1684368227
[debug] Location of Token: 14287653
[debug] Search location: 557
[debug] Comparing key char: p to table char: p
[debug] Comparing key char: r to table char: r
[debug] Comparing key char: o to table char: o
[debug] Comparing key char: g to table char: c
[debug] Tag of entry: 1920296037
[debug] Location of Token: 14287668
[debug] Search location: 0
[debug] Comparing key char: p to table char: p
[debug] Comparing key char: r to table char: r
[debug] Comparing key char: o to table char: o
[debug] Comparing key char: g to table char: g
[debug] Comparing key char: r to table char: r
[debug] Comparing key char: a to table char: a
[debug] Comparing key char: m to table char: m
[debug] Tag of entry: 1207959598
[debug] Location of Token: 14287688
The 1th token: 60
因此,从 Token 消息的位置可以看出,符号表在内存中找到它写入 Token 的相同位置,但 Token 的标记不同。我很困惑为什么会这样。
为了完整起见,这里是 SymbolTable 类的定义。
template<class sizeType>
class SymbolTable{
public:
SymbolTable();
~SymbolTable();
Token* operator[](const char* key);
bool contains(const char* key);
Token* insert(const char* key, Token value);
private:
void* find(const char* key);
static const size_t nbins = 64;
sizeType nextLoc;
void* table;
size_t hash(const char* key){
return (size_t)key[0] % nbins;
}
};
这里是符号表的插入、查找和操作符[]函数的源代码。
template<class sizeType> Token* SymbolTable<sizeType>::insert(const char* key, Token value){
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Entering SymbolTable.insert(const char* key)";
size_t bin = hash(key);
void *sizeType_ptr,
*tbl_char_ptr,
*idSize_ptr;
unsigned char idSize = 0;
const char *key_ptr = key;
Token *token_ptr = NULL;
// Find the last entry in this bin's linked list.
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "bin: " << bin
<< " Searching for the last element in this bin's linked list.";
sizeType_ptr = table + sizeof(sizeType)*bin;
while(*((sizeType*)sizeType_ptr) != 0){
sizeType_ptr = table + *((sizeType*)sizeType_ptr);
}
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Last entry found... writing to entry's next location field.";
// Write the location of the new entry to this entry's next field.
*((sizeType*)sizeType_ptr) = nextLoc;
// Move to new entry's location.
sizeType_ptr = table + nextLoc;
// Write identifier
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Writing the new entry's identifier to the table.";
tbl_char_ptr = sizeType_ptr + sizeof(sizeType) + sizeof(unsigned char);
while(*key_ptr != '\0'){
*((char*)tbl_char_ptr) = *key_ptr;
tbl_char_ptr = tbl_char_ptr + sizeof(char);
++key_ptr;
++idSize;
}
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "The identifier: " << key << " has been written to the table.";
// Write length of identifier.
idSize_ptr = sizeType_ptr + sizeof(sizeType);
*((unsigned char*)idSize_ptr) = idSize;
token_ptr = (Token*)(tbl_char_ptr + sizeof(char));
void *tk = &value,
*tb = token_ptr;
for(int i = 0; i < value.getSize(); ++i){
if(*((char*)tk) != *((char*)tb)){
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "The memory blocks are not equal prior to assignment.";
break;
}
}
memcpy((void*)token_ptr, &value, value.getSize());
bool areEqual = true;
for(int i = 0; i < value.getSize(); ++i){
if(*((char*)tk) != *((char*)tb)){
areEqual = false;
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "The memory blocks are not after assignment.";
break;
}
}
if(areEqual){
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "The memory blocks are equal.";
}
nextLoc = nextLoc + sizeof(sizeType) + sizeof(unsigned char)
+ idSize*sizeof(char) + value.getSize();
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "nextLoc: " << nextLoc
<< " tag: " << token_ptr->tag;
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Location of Token: " << (size_t)token_ptr;
return token_ptr;
}
template<class sizeType>
void* SymbolTable<sizeType>::find(const char* key){
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Entering SymbolTable.find(const char* key) "
<< "key: " << key;
bool found = false;
size_t bin = hash(key);
void *idSize,
*sizeType_ptr,
*tbl_char_ptr,
*result_ptr = NULL;
const char* key_ptr = key;
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "bin: " << bin;
sizeType_ptr = table + sizeof(sizeType)*bin;
while(!found){
found = true;
// Is this the last element in this bin?
if(*((sizeType*)sizeType_ptr) == 0){
result_ptr = NULL;
return result_ptr;
}
// Advance to the next element in this bin's linked list.
sizeType_ptr = table + *((sizeType*)sizeType_ptr);
idSize = sizeType_ptr + sizeof(sizeType);
tbl_char_ptr = idSize + sizeof(unsigned char);
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Search location: " << *((sizeType*)sizeType_ptr);
// Check if the passed key matches the current key in the table.
for(int i = 0; i < *((unsigned char*)idSize); ++i){
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Comparing key char: " << *key_ptr
<< "to table char: " << *((const char*)tbl_char_ptr);
// Check if the key is too short or if the chars do not match.
if(*key_ptr != *((const char*)tbl_char_ptr)){
found = false;
break;
}
++key_ptr;
tbl_char_ptr = tbl_char_ptr + sizeof(char);
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "*(const char*)tbl_char_ptr: "
<< *((const char*)tbl_char_ptr);
}
result_ptr = tbl_char_ptr + sizeof(char);
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Tag of entry: " << ((Token*)result_ptr)->tag;
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Location of Token: " << (size_t)result_ptr;
key_ptr = key;
}
return result_ptr;
}
template<class sizeType>
Token* SymbolTable<sizeType>::operator[](const char* key){
BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Entering SymbolTable.operator[](const char* key)";
void* void_ptr = find(key);
Token* token_ptr = (Token*)void_ptr;
return token_ptr;
}
这里是测试程序的源代码。
int main(){
cout << "Executing testLexer.cpp" << endl;
ifstream file("./pascalPrograms/helloworld.pas");
string program((istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)), istreambuf_iterator<char>());
cout << "program:\n\n" << program << endl;
int fileSize = program.length();
const char* buffer = program.c_str();
const char* scanp = buffer;
cout << "Instantiating Lexer" << endl << endl;
Lexer lexer = Lexer(scanp);
Token* tok;
int i = 0;
cout << "Entering while loop to fetch tags." << endl << endl;
do{
i++;
tok = lexer.getToken();
cout << "The " << i << "th token: " << tok->tag << endl;
} while(tok->tag != END_OF_FILE);
return 0;
}
提前感谢您的帮助! :D
编辑:
这是输入 Pascal 程序:
program Hello;
begin
writeln ('Hello, world.');
readln
end.
并澄清问题:
当符号表中的Token是原件的精确副本时,为什么从符号表中检索到的Token标签与放入符号表中的Token标签不同?
【问题讨论】:
-
tl;dr & 没有问题
-
@tobi303 问题是,程序token放入符号表时,正确的标签为46,但稍后检索时,标签为1207959598,尽管符号表中包含令牌的内存块与原始令牌本身相同。我想在帖子中更清楚地说明这个问题,什么是表达这个问题的好方法?
-
添加适当的标签已经有助于避免像我这样的菜鸟批评;)(也许
compiler-construction?) -
您添加到没有大小规范的 void 指针 - 我很确定它不应该编译。您使用的是什么编译器和标志?
-
@tobi303 我会添加标签,之前我不确定是否应该这样做,谢谢!
标签: c++ compiler-construction memcpy