对于第一个情节,我推荐axisartist。左侧两个y 轴的自动缩放是通过适用于指定y 限制的简单缩放因子实现的。第一个例子是基于parasite axes上的解释:
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits.axes_grid1 import host_subplot
import mpl_toolkits.axisartist as AA
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# initialize the three axis:
host = host_subplot(111, axes_class=AA.Axes)
plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.25)
par1 = host.twinx()
par2 = host.twinx()
# secify the offset for the left-most axis:
offset = -60
new_fixed_axis = par2.get_grid_helper().new_fixed_axis
par2.axis["right"] = new_fixed_axis(loc="left", axes=par2, offset=(offset, 0))
par2.axis["right"].toggle(all=True)
# data ratio for the two left y-axis:
y3_to_y1 = 1/7.5
# y-axis limits:
YLIM = [0.0, 150.0,
0.0, 150.0]
# set up dummy data
x = np.linspace(0,70.0,70.0)
y1 = np.asarray([xi**2.0*0.032653 for xi in x])
y2 = np.asarray([xi**2.0*0.02857 for xi in x])
# plot data on y1 and y2, respectively:
host.plot(x,y1,'b')
par1.plot(x,y2,'r')
# specify the axis limits:
host.set_xlim(0.0,70.0)
host.set_ylim(YLIM[0],YLIM[1])
par1.set_ylim(YLIM[2],YLIM[3])
# when specifying the limits for the left-most y-axis
# you utilize the conversion factor:
par2.set_ylim(YLIM[2]*y3_to_y1,YLIM[3]*y3_to_y1)
# set y-ticks, use np.arange for defined deltas
# add a small increment to the last ylim value
# to ensure that the last value will be a tick
host.set_yticks(np.arange(YLIM[0],YLIM[1]+0.001,10.0))
par1.set_yticks(np.arange(YLIM[2],YLIM[3]+0.001,10.0))
par2.set_yticks(np.arange(YLIM[2]*y3_to_y1,YLIM[3]*y3_to_y1+0.001, 2.0))
plt.show()
你最终会得到这个情节:
您也可以尝试修改上面的示例以提供第二个情节。一个想法是,将offset 减少到零。但是,对于axisartist,某些刻度功能are not supported。其中之一是指定刻度是在轴的内部还是外部。
因此,对于第二个图,以下示例(基于matplotlib: overlay plots with different scales?)是合适的。
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# initialize the three axis:
fig = plt.figure()
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax3 = ax1.twinx()
# data ratio for the two left y-axis:
y3_to_y1 = 1/7.5
# y-axis limits:
YLIM = [0.0, 150.0,
0.0, 150.0]
# set up dummy data
x = np.linspace(0,70.0,70.0)
y1 = np.asarray([xi**2.0*0.032653 for xi in x])
y2 = np.asarray([xi**2.0*0.02857 for xi in x])
# plot the data
ax1.plot(x,y1,'b')
ax2.plot(x,y2,'r')
# define the axis limits
ax1.set_xlim(0.0,70.0)
ax1.set_ylim(YLIM[0],YLIM[1])
ax2.set_ylim(YLIM[2],YLIM[3])
# when specifying the limits for the left-most y-axis
# you utilize the conversion factor:
ax3.set_ylim(YLIM[2]*y3_to_y1,YLIM[3]*y3_to_y1)
# move the 3rd y-axis to the left (0.0):
ax3.spines['right'].set_position(('axes', 0.0))
# set y-ticks, use np.arange for defined deltas
# add a small increment to the last ylim value
# to ensure that the last value will be a tick
ax1.set_yticks(np.arange(YLIM[0],YLIM[1]+0.001,10.0))
ax2.set_yticks(np.arange(YLIM[2],YLIM[3]+0.001,10.0))
ax3.set_yticks(np.arange(YLIM[2]*y3_to_y1,YLIM[3]*y3_to_y1+0.001, 2.0))
# for both letf-hand y-axis move the ticks to the outside:
ax1.get_yaxis().set_tick_params(direction='out')
ax3.get_yaxis().set_tick_params(direction='out')
plt.show()
结果如下图:
同样,set_tick_params(direction='out') 不适用于第一个示例中的 axisartist。
有点违反直觉,y1 和y3 刻度都必须设置为'out'。对于y1,这是有道理的,对于y3,您必须记住它从右侧轴开始。因此,当轴向左移动时,这些刻度会出现在外部(使用默认的'in' 设置)。