如何使 JLabel 变得可拖动？

【问题标题】：How to make a JLabel became dragable?如何使 JLabel 变得可拖动？
【发布时间】：2022-01-21 02:48:19
【问题描述】：

伙计们，我想知道是否有办法让这个arrow 可以仅用 X 轴拖动。我在这里使用null layout，而这个arrow 是一个jlabel，已添加到jframe 中。这是有关更多信息的图像。提前谢谢你。

（在此问题解决之前，我已对其进行了编辑以显示我的一些代码。此处显示的代码只是ImageIcon、JLabel 和JFrame 的一部分） 

public class Level03 extends JFrame implements ActionListener, MouseListener, WindowListener {
// These are the Global Variables of the Level03 Class
ImageIcon slide = new ImageIcon("slide to unlock.png");
    ImageIcon slideButton = new ImageIcon("arrow icon.png");
    JLabel slideLabel = new JLabel(slide);
    JLabel slideArrow = new JLabel(slideButton);

Level03 (){ // This is the constructor
        // This is just setting the bounds of the arrow on the JFrame
        slideLabel.setBounds(100,350, 400,50);
        slideArrow.setBounds(117,350,50,50); // slideArrow is the JLabel with the ImageIcon that looks like an arrow.
        slideArrow.addMouseListener(this);
        mainFrame.add(slideArrow);
        mainFrame.add(slideLabel);
}

注意！！！ 我在implements ActionListener, MouseListener, WindowListener下面也有这些覆盖

@Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){}

@Override
    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {}

    @Override
    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {}

    @Override
    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {}

    @Override
    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {}

    @Override
    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {}

【问题讨论】：

  • 我想您会使用绝对布局，因为您可以使用 x-y 坐标放置组件。 caveofprogramming.com/guest-posts/absolute-layout-in-swing.html
  • 查看：stackoverflow.com/questions/47870238/… 了解拖动组件的基本逻辑。您将修改代码以不重置 y 值。
  • 本质上，这只是一个带有一些附加功能的“滑块”（说真的，这就是它最初的实现方式；））。现在，我不认为JSlilder 真的能胜任这项任务，除非你真的渴望深入到较低级别的 UI 框架。就个人而言，我不会为此使用其他组件，我会使用一些自定义绘画和鼠标侦听器来更好地控制它，但这就是我

标签： java swing jlabel


【解决方案1】：

用JLabel 做这种事情并非不可能，只是很复杂。

就我个人而言，我很想只使用自定义绘制的路线，因为它可以让您控制一切。

例如...

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                    frame.add(new TestPane());
                    frame.pack();
                    frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        public TestPane() throws IOException {
            setBorder(new EmptyBorder(32, 32, 32, 32));
            setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
            add(new SlideToUnlock());
        }

    }

    public class SlideToUnlock extends JPanel {

        private String text;
        private Image indicatorImage;
        private Rectangle indicatorBounds;

        private Integer clickXOffset; // I can make it null and then ignore it
        private Integer dragX; // The x position of the drag

        public SlideToUnlock() throws IOException {
            indicatorImage = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("/images/ArrowRight.png"));
            setText("Slide to unlock");

            MouseAdapter mouseAdapter = new MouseAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
                    resetTimer();

                    Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();
                    if (bounds.contains(e.getPoint())) {
                        clickXOffset = e.getPoint().x - bounds.x;
                    } else {
                        clickXOffset = null;
                    }
                    dragX = null;
                    repaint();
                }

                @Override
                public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
                    invalidate();
                    repaint();
                }

                @Override
                public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
                    dragX = e.getPoint().x;
                    if (didReachTheOtherSide()) {
                        // Notifiy some kind of observer
                    }
                    repaint();
                }
            };

            addMouseListener(mouseAdapter);
            addMouseMotionListener(mouseAdapter);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            FontMetrics fm = getFontMetrics(getFont());
            Image indicatorImage = getIndicatorImage();
            Insets insets = getInsets();

            int imageWidth = 0;
            int imageHeight = 0;

            if (indicatorImage != null) {
                imageWidth = indicatorImage.getWidth(this);
                imageHeight = indicatorImage.getHeight(this);
            }

            int height = Math.max(fm.getHeight(), imageHeight)
                    + 1 // Border
                    + 8; // Inner track

            int width = 1 + 8 + fm.stringWidth(getText()) + imageWidth;

            width += insets.left + insets.right;
            height += insets.top + insets.top;

            return new Dimension(width, height);
        }

        @Override
        public void invalidate() {
            super.invalidate();
            indicatorBounds = null;
            clickXOffset = null;
            dragX = null;
        }

        @Override
        public void revalidate() {
            super.revalidate();
            indicatorBounds = null;
            clickXOffset = null;
            dragX = null;
        }

        protected boolean didReachTheOtherSide() {
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();

            return bounds.x + bounds.width >= getWidth() - 1;
        }

        protected Rectangle getIndiciatorImageBounds() {
            if (getParent() == null) {
                return null;
            }

            if (dragX == null && indicatorBounds != null) {
                return indicatorBounds;
            }

            Image indicatorImage = getIndicatorImage();
            int indicatorX = 1;
            int indicatorY = (getHeight() - indicatorImage.getHeight(this)) / 2;
            indicatorBounds = new Rectangle(indicatorX, indicatorY, indicatorImage.getWidth(this), indicatorImage.getHeight(this));

            if (dragX != null) {
                indicatorBounds.x = (indicatorBounds.x - clickXOffset) + dragX;

                if (indicatorBounds.x + indicatorBounds.width > (getWidth() - 1)) {
                    indicatorBounds.x = getWidth() - indicatorBounds.width - 1;
                } else if (indicatorBounds.x < 1) {
                    indicatorBounds.x = 1;
                }
            }

            return indicatorBounds;
        }

        public String getText() {
            return text;
        }

        public void setText(String text) {
            this.text = text;
        }

        public Image getIndicatorImage() {
            return indicatorImage;
        }

        public void setIndicatorImage(Image indicatorImage) {
            this.indicatorImage = indicatorImage;
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();

            int cornerRadius = 16;

            paintText(g2d);
            paintOverlay(g2d);
            paintIndicator(g2d);

            g2d.setColor(getForeground());
            g2d.draw(new RoundRectangle2D.Double(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1, cornerRadius, cornerRadius));

            g2d.dispose();
        }

        protected void paintOverlay(Graphics2D g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setColor(getBackground());
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();
            g2d.fillRect(1, 1, bounds.x + bounds.width, getHeight() - 2);
            g2d.dispose();
        }

        protected void paintText(Graphics2D g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setColor(getForeground());
            FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();
            String text = getText();
            int xPos = getWidth() - 1 - 4 - fm.stringWidth(text);
            int yPos = ((getHeight() - fm.getHeight()) / 2) + fm.getAscent();
            g2d.drawString(text, xPos, yPos);
            g2d.dispose();
        }

        protected void paintIndicator(Graphics2D g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();

            g2d.translate(bounds.x, bounds.y);
            Image indicatorImage = getIndicatorImage();
            g2d.drawImage(indicatorImage, 0, 0, this);
            g2d.dispose();
        }

    }
}

好的，所以，“有效”，它完成了工作，但它缺少一些东西?......反弹！当用户松开滑动控件时，它应该为反弹设置动画！

（我打赌你很抱歉你现在问了）

啊，这样更好，是小细节造就了它?

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.FontMetrics;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.Graphics2D;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Image;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Rectangle;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.geom.RoundRectangle2D;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.time.Instant;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.Timer;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                    frame.add(new TestPane());
                    frame.pack();
                    frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        public TestPane() throws IOException {
            setBorder(new EmptyBorder(32, 32, 32, 32));
            setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
            add(new SlideToUnlock());
        }

    }

    public class SlideToUnlock extends JPanel {

        private String text;
        private Image indicatorImage;
        private Rectangle indicatorBounds;

        private Integer clickXOffset; // I can make it null and then ignore it
        private Integer dragX; // The x position of the drag

        private Timer reboundTimer;

        public SlideToUnlock() throws IOException {
            indicatorImage = ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("/images/ArrowRight.png"));
            setText("Slide to unlock");

            MouseAdapter mouseAdapter = new MouseAdapter() {
                @Override
                public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
                    resetReboundTimer();

                    Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();
                    if (bounds.contains(e.getPoint())) {
                        clickXOffset = e.getPoint().x - bounds.x;
                    } else {
                        clickXOffset = null;
                    }
                    dragX = null;
                    repaint();
                }

                @Override
                public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
                    startReboundTimer();
                }

                @Override
                public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
                    dragX = e.getPoint().x;
                    if (didReachTheOtherSide()) {
                        // Notifiy some kind of observer
                    }
                    repaint();
                }
            };

            addMouseListener(mouseAdapter);
            addMouseMotionListener(mouseAdapter);
        }

        protected void resetReboundTimer() {
            if (reboundTimer == null) {
                return;
            }
            reboundTimer.stop();
            reboundTimer = null;
        }

        protected void startReboundTimer() {
            resetReboundTimer();
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();

            clickXOffset = 0;
            dragX = bounds.x + (bounds.width / 2);

            int lowerRange = 1 + (bounds.width / 2);
            int upperRange = getWidth() - 1 - (bounds.width / 2);

            int fullRange = upperRange - lowerRange;
            int currentRange = (bounds.x + (bounds.width / 2)) - lowerRange;
            double progressRange = currentRange / (double) fullRange;
            Duration fullDuration = Duration.ofMillis(250);
            Duration desiredDuration = Duration.ofMillis((long) (fullDuration.toMillis() * progressRange));

            int remainingRange = (int) (fullRange * progressRange);

            reboundTimer = new Timer(5, new ActionListener() {
                private Instant startTime = null;

                @Override
                public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                    if (startTime == null) {
                        startTime = Instant.now();
                    }
                    Duration runTime = Duration.between(startTime, Instant.now());
                    double runTimeProgress = runTime.toMillis() / (double) desiredDuration.toMillis();
                    if (runTimeProgress >= 1.0) {
                        resetReboundTimer();
                        invalidate();
                    } else {
                        dragX = (int) (remainingRange * (1.0 - runTimeProgress));
                    }

                    repaint();
                }
            });
            reboundTimer.setInitialDelay(0);
            reboundTimer.start();
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {
            FontMetrics fm = getFontMetrics(getFont());
            Image indicatorImage = getIndicatorImage();
            Insets insets = getInsets();

            int imageWidth = 0;
            int imageHeight = 0;

            if (indicatorImage != null) {
                imageWidth = indicatorImage.getWidth(this);
                imageHeight = indicatorImage.getHeight(this);
            }

            int height = Math.max(fm.getHeight(), imageHeight)
                    + 1 // Border
                    + 8; // Inner track

            int width = 1 + 8 + fm.stringWidth(getText()) + imageWidth;

            width += insets.left + insets.right;
            height += insets.top + insets.top;

            return new Dimension(width, height);
        }

        @Override
        public void invalidate() {
            super.invalidate();
            indicatorBounds = null;
            clickXOffset = null;
            dragX = null;
        }

        @Override
        public void revalidate() {
            super.revalidate();
            indicatorBounds = null;
            clickXOffset = null;
            dragX = null;
        }

        protected boolean didReachTheOtherSide() {
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();

            return bounds.x + bounds.width >= getWidth() - 1;
        }

        protected Rectangle getIndiciatorImageBounds() {
            if (getParent() == null) {
                return null;
            }

            if (dragX == null && indicatorBounds != null) {
                return indicatorBounds;
            }

            Image indicatorImage = getIndicatorImage();
            int indicatorX = 1;
            int indicatorY = (getHeight() - indicatorImage.getHeight(this)) / 2;
            indicatorBounds = new Rectangle(indicatorX, indicatorY, indicatorImage.getWidth(this), indicatorImage.getHeight(this));

            if (dragX != null) {
                indicatorBounds.x = (indicatorBounds.x - clickXOffset) + dragX;

                if (indicatorBounds.x + indicatorBounds.width > (getWidth() - 1)) {
                    indicatorBounds.x = getWidth() - indicatorBounds.width - 1;
                } else if (indicatorBounds.x < 1) {
                    indicatorBounds.x = 1;
                }
            }

            return indicatorBounds;
        }

        public String getText() {
            return text;
        }

        public void setText(String text) {
            this.text = text;
        }

        public Image getIndicatorImage() {
            return indicatorImage;
        }

        public void setIndicatorImage(Image indicatorImage) {
            this.indicatorImage = indicatorImage;
        }

        @Override
        protected void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
            super.paintComponent(g);
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();

            int cornerRadius = 16;

            paintText(g2d);
            paintOverlay(g2d);
            paintIndicator(g2d);

            g2d.setColor(getForeground());
            g2d.draw(new RoundRectangle2D.Double(0, 0, getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 1, cornerRadius, cornerRadius));

            g2d.dispose();
        }

        protected void paintOverlay(Graphics2D g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setColor(getBackground());
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();
            g2d.fillRect(1, 1, bounds.x + bounds.width, getHeight() - 2);
            g2d.dispose();
        }

        protected void paintText(Graphics2D g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            g2d.setColor(getForeground());
            FontMetrics fm = g2d.getFontMetrics();
            String text = getText();
            int xPos = getWidth() - 1 - 4 - fm.stringWidth(text);
            int yPos = ((getHeight() - fm.getHeight()) / 2) + fm.getAscent();
            g2d.drawString(text, xPos, yPos);
            g2d.dispose();
        }

        protected void paintIndicator(Graphics2D g) {
            Graphics2D g2d = (Graphics2D) g.create();
            Rectangle bounds = getIndiciatorImageBounds();

            g2d.translate(bounds.x, bounds.y);
            Image indicatorImage = getIndicatorImage();
            g2d.drawImage(indicatorImage, 0, 0, this);
            g2d.dispose();
        }

    }
}

现在，使用标签执行此操作将遵循非常相似的过程，唯一的补充是，您必须自己管理标签大小和位置（因为大多数布局管理器不允许您这样做）

以下是通过MouseMotionListener拖动标签的一些示例

现在，在您的情况下，您并不真正关心 y 位置，因此它可以相对于容器（或轨道）保持居中，您只需要基于位置更新 x点击偏移量和当前拖动位置。复杂性在于您需要监控标签的拖动，但将移动的位置转换为父容器。可行，但它是一个额外的复杂性

带有JLabel

基本的工作流程是相同的，除了现在您需要管理标签的组件状态（实际上是标签，因为我假设您还需要一些文本）。

这是一个允许您拖动 a 标签的基本示例，它的核心工作流程与前面的示例基本相同，但它还需要管理组件的大小和位置的额外开销 

import java.awt.Dimension;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.GridBagLayout;
import java.awt.Insets;
import java.awt.Point;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.swing.ImageIcon;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.border.LineBorder;

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Test();
    }

    public Test() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    JFrame frame = new JFrame();
                    frame.add(new TestPane());
                    frame.pack();
                    frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    Logger.getLogger(Test.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
                }
            }
        });
    }

    public class TestPane extends JPanel {

        public TestPane() throws IOException {
            setBorder(new EmptyBorder(32, 32, 32, 32));
            setLayout(new GridBagLayout());
            add(new SlideToUnlock());
        }

    }

    public class SlideToUnlock extends JPanel {

        private JLabel indicatorLabel;
        private JPanel overLayPane;
        private JLabel textLabel;

        private Integer clickXOffset;
        private Integer dragX;

        public SlideToUnlock() throws IOException {
            setLayout(null);
            setBorder(new LineBorder(getForeground(), 1, true));
            indicatorLabel = new JLabel(new ImageIcon(ImageIO.read(getClass().getResource("/images/ArrowRight.png"))));
            indicatorLabel.setBounds(1, 1, indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize().width, indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize().height);
            add(indicatorLabel);

            overLayPane = new JPanel();
            add(overLayPane);

            textLabel = new JLabel("Slide to unlock");
            textLabel.setBounds(1, 1, textLabel.getPreferredSize().width, textLabel.getPreferredSize().height);
            add(textLabel);

            MouseAdapter mouseAdapter = new MouseAdapter() {

                protected void resetDrag() {
                    clickXOffset = null;
                    dragX = null;
                }

                @Override
                public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
                    Point point = e.getPoint();
                    Point localPoint = SwingUtilities.convertPoint(SlideToUnlock.this, point, indicatorLabel);
                    if (indicatorLabel.getBounds().contains(localPoint)) {
                        clickXOffset = point.x - indicatorLabel.getBounds().x;
                    } else {
                        resetDrag();
                    }
                }

                @Override
                public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
                    resetDrag();
                    doLayout();
                    repaint();
                }

                @Override
                public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent e) {
                    dragX = e.getPoint().x;
                    doLayout();
                    repaint();
                }
            };

            addMouseListener(mouseAdapter);
            addMouseMotionListener(mouseAdapter);
        }

        @Override
        public void doLayout() {
            Dimension preferredSize = indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize();
            int xPos = 1;
            if (dragX != null) {
                xPos = (1 - clickXOffset) + dragX;

                if (xPos + preferredSize.width > (getWidth() - 1)) {
                    xPos = getWidth() - preferredSize.width - 1;
                } else if (xPos < 1) {
                    xPos = 1;
                }
            }
            indicatorLabel.setBounds(xPos, 1, indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize().width, getHeight() - 2);
            overLayPane.setBounds(1, 1, indicatorLabel.getX() + indicatorLabel.getWidth() - 1, getHeight() - 2);
            textLabel.setBounds(getWidth() - textLabel.getPreferredSize().width - 4, 1, textLabel.getPreferredSize().width, getHeight() - 2);
        }

        @Override
        public Dimension getPreferredSize() {

            Dimension preferredSize = indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize();
            preferredSize.width = preferredSize.width * 4;

            int height = Math.max(indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize().height, textLabel.getPreferredSize().height);
            int width = indicatorLabel.getPreferredSize().width + 4 + textLabel.getPreferredSize().width + 4 + 1;

            Insets insets = getInsets();

            width += insets.left + insets.right;
            height += insets.top + insets.bottom;

            return new Dimension(width, height);
        }

    }
}

这是一个快速的“破解”。您需要提供附加功能来更改文本、支持更改背景颜色并在状态发生更改时更新状态

【讨论】：

  • 非常感谢您的回答，但我只是 java 新手，无法正确阅读所有这些代码。我真的很感激这个答案。但是有人可以告诉我这里的部分在哪里（使用JLabel）使按钮水平移动并变得可点击？我想要那个有反弹的，看起来真好！我知道这问得太多了。
  • 我使用的是null JFrame，而带有边框的“向左滑动解锁”只是我使用.setBounds(); 手动添加的图像。有没有更简单的方法向我解释我可以理解JLabel 和ImageIcon 变成可移动JLabel 的部分？非常感谢。
  • 我已经编辑了我的帖子并添加了一些我目前拥有的代码。我希望你能帮助我，我知道这不是“代码工厂”，但我的项目时间太紧了，而且我编写的一些代码仍然没有教给我们。谢谢。
  • 标签是通过使用 MouseAdapter 来控制的。两个示例的整体工作流程基本相同，核心区别在于内容的渲染方式
  • 我想我会放手，改变我的关卡内容。我已经被困在这个问题上太久了，现在距离我们的截止日期只有 12 个小时，我还有 7 个关卡要做。非常感谢您的回答，我希望了解这一点的人会发现这很有用。再次感谢@MadProgrammer，希望你能帮助更多的人。
猜你喜欢
  • 2012-07-12
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
  • 2018-03-30
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
  • 1970-01-01
相关资源
最近更新 更多
热门标签
Java Python linux javascript Mysql C# Docker 算法 前端 SpringBoot Redis Vue spring 设计模式 .net core .net kubernetes c++ 数据库 数据结构 大数据 js 机器学习 微服务 Android Go 程序员 面试 JVM ASP.net core 云原生 人工智能 后端 PHP git CSS golang k8s Nginx Django mybatis 深度学习 多线程 React 架构 devops 爬虫 云计算 Spring Boot LeetCode