我对前 k 个数字、2 个排序数组和 n 个排序数组中的第 k 个数字的尝试：
// require() is recognizable by node.js but not by browser;
// for running/debugging in browser, put utils.js and this file in <script> elements,
if (typeof require === "function") require("./utils.js");
// Find K largest numbers in two sorted arrays.
function k_largest(a, b, c, k) {
var sa = a.length;
var sb = b.length;
if (sa + sb < k) return -1;
var i = 0;
var j = sa - 1;
var m = sb - 1;
while (i < k && j >= 0 && m >= 0) {
if (a[j] > b[m]) {
c[i] = a[j];
i++;
j--;
} else {
c[i] = b[m];
i++;
m--;
}
}
debug.log(2, "i: "+ i + ", j: " + j + ", m: " + m);
if (i === k) {
return 0;
} else if (j < 0) {
while (i < k) {
c[i++] = b[m--];
}
} else {
while (i < k) c[i++] = a[j--];
}
return 0;
}
// find k-th largest or smallest number in 2 sorted arrays.
function kth(a, b, kd, dir){
sa = a.length; sb = b.length;
if (kd<1 || sa+sb < kd){
throw "Mission Impossible! I quit!";
}
var k;
//finding the kd_th largest == finding the smallest k_th;
if (dir === 1){ k = kd;
} else if (dir === -1){ k = sa + sb - kd + 1;}
else throw "Direction has to be 1 (smallest) or -1 (largest).";
return find_kth(a, b, k, sa-1, 0, sb-1, 0);
}
// find k-th smallest number in 2 sorted arrays;
function find_kth(c, d, k, cmax, cmin, dmax, dmin){
sc = cmax-cmin+1; sd = dmax-dmin+1; k0 = k; cmin0 = cmin; dmin0 = dmin;
debug.log(2, "=k: " + k +", sc: " + sc + ", cmax: " + cmax +", cmin: " + cmin + ", sd: " + sd +", dmax: " + dmax + ", dmin: " + dmin);
c_comp = k0-sc;
if (c_comp <= 0){
cmax = cmin0 + k0-1;
} else {
dmin = dmin0 + c_comp-1;
k -= c_comp-1;
}
d_comp = k0-sd;
if (d_comp <= 0){
dmax = dmin0 + k0-1;
} else {
cmin = cmin0 + d_comp-1;
k -= d_comp-1;
}
sc = cmax-cmin+1; sd = dmax-dmin+1;
debug.log(2, "#k: " + k +", sc: " + sc + ", cmax: " + cmax +", cmin: " + cmin + ", sd: " + sd +", dmax: " + dmax + ", dmin: " + dmin + ", c_comp: " + c_comp + ", d_comp: " + d_comp);
if (k===1) return (c[cmin]<d[dmin] ? c[cmin] : d[dmin]);
if (k === sc+sd) return (c[cmax]>d[dmax] ? c[cmax] : d[dmax]);
m = Math.floor((cmax+cmin)/2);
n = Math.floor((dmax+dmin)/2);
debug.log(2, "m: " + m + ", n: "+n+", c[m]: "+c[m]+", d[n]: "+d[n]);
if (c[m]<d[n]){
if (m === cmax){ // only 1 element in c;
return d[dmin+k-1];
}
k_next = k-(m-cmin+1);
return find_kth(c, d, k_next, cmax, m+1, dmax, dmin);
} else {
if (n === dmax){
return c[cmin+k-1];
}
k_next = k-(n-dmin+1);
return find_kth(c, d, k_next, cmax, cmin, dmax, n+1);
}
}
function traverse_at(a, ae, h, l, k, at, worker, wp){
var n = ae ? ae.length : 0;
var get_node;
switch (at){
case "k": get_node = function(idx){
var node = {};
var pos = l[idx] + Math.floor(k/n) - 1;
if (pos<l[idx]){ node.pos = l[idx]; }
else if (pos > h[idx]){ node.pos = h[idx];}
else{ node.pos = pos; }
node.idx = idx;
node.val = a[idx][node.pos];
debug.log(6, "pos: "+pos+"\nnode =");
debug.log(6, node);
return node;
};
break;
case "l": get_node = function(idx){
debug.log(6, "a["+idx+"][l["+idx+"]]: "+a[idx][l[idx]]);
return a[idx][l[idx]];
};
break;
case "h": get_node = function(idx){
debug.log(6, "a["+idx+"][h["+idx+"]]: "+a[idx][h[idx]]);
return a[idx][h[idx]];
};
break;
case "s": get_node = function(idx){
debug.log(6, "h["+idx+"]-l["+idx+"]+1: "+(h[idx] - l[idx] + 1));
return h[idx] - l[idx] + 1;
};
break;
default: get_node = function(){
debug.log(1, "!!! Exception: get_node() returns null.");
return null;
};
break;
}
worker.init();
debug.log(6, "--* traverse_at() *--");
var i;
if (!wp){
for (i=0; i<n; i++){
worker.work(get_node(ae[i]));
}
} else {
for (i=0; i<n; i++){
worker.work(get_node(ae[i]), wp);
}
}
return worker.getResult();
}
sumKeeper = function(){
var res = 0;
return {
init : function(){ res = 0;},
getResult: function(){
debug.log(5, "@@ sumKeeper.getResult: returning: "+res);
return res;
},
work : function(node){ if (node!==null) res += node;}
};
}();
maxPicker = function(){
var res = null;
return {
init : function(){ res = null;},
getResult: function(){
debug.log(5, "@@ maxPicker.getResult: returning: "+res);
return res;
},
work : function(node){
if (res === null){ res = node;}
else if (node!==null && node > res){ res = node;}
}
};
}();
minPicker = function(){
var res = null;
return {
init : function(){ res = null;},
getResult: function(){
debug.log(5, "@@ minPicker.getResult: returning: ");
debug.log(5, res);
return res;
},
work : function(node){
if (res === null && node !== null){ res = node;}
else if (node!==null &&
node.val !==undefined &&
node.val < res.val){ res = node; }
else if (node!==null && node < res){ res = node;}
}
};
}();
// find k-th smallest number in n sorted arrays;
// need to consider the case where some of the subarrays are taken out of the selection;
function kth_n(a, ae, k, h, l){
var n = ae.length;
debug.log(2, "------** kth_n() **-------");
debug.log(2, "n: " +n+", k: " + k);
debug.log(2, "ae: ["+ae+"], len: "+ae.length);
debug.log(2, "h: [" + h + "]");
debug.log(2, "l: [" + l + "]");
for (var i=0; i<n; i++){
if (h[ae[i]]-l[ae[i]]+1>k) h[ae[i]]=l[ae[i]]+k-1;
}
debug.log(3, "--after reduction --");
debug.log(3, "h: [" + h + "]");
debug.log(3, "l: [" + l + "]");
if (n === 1)
return a[ae[0]][k-1];
if (k === 1)
return traverse_at(a, ae, h, l, k, "l", minPicker);
if (k === traverse_at(a, ae, h, l, k, "s", sumKeeper))
return traverse_at(a, ae, h, l, k, "h", maxPicker);
var kn = traverse_at(a, ae, h, l, k, "k", minPicker);
debug.log(3, "kn: ");
debug.log(3, kn);
var idx = kn.idx;
debug.log(3, "last: k: "+k+", l["+kn.idx+"]: "+l[idx]);
k -= kn.pos - l[idx] + 1;
l[idx] = kn.pos + 1;
debug.log(3, "next: "+"k: "+k+", l["+kn.idx+"]: "+l[idx]);
if (h[idx]<l[idx]){ // all elements in a[idx] selected;
//remove a[idx] from the arrays.
debug.log(4, "All elements selected in a["+idx+"].");
debug.log(5, "last ae: ["+ae+"]");
ae.splice(ae.indexOf(idx), 1);
h[idx] = l[idx] = "_"; // For display purpose only.
debug.log(5, "next ae: ["+ae+"]");
}
return kth_n(a, ae, k, h, l);
}
function find_kth_in_arrays(a, k){
if (!a || a.length<1 || k<1) throw "Mission Impossible!";
var ae=[], h=[], l=[], n=0, s, ts=0;
for (var i=0; i<a.length; i++){
s = a[i] && a[i].length;
if (s>0){
ae.push(i); h.push(s-1); l.push(0);
ts+=s;
}
}
if (k>ts) throw "Too few elements to choose from!";
return kth_n(a, ae, k, h, l);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// tests
// To show everything: use 6.
debug.setLevel(1);
var a = [2, 3, 5, 7, 89, 223, 225, 667];
var b = [323, 555, 655, 673];
//var b = [99];
var c = [];
debug.log(1, "a = (len: " + a.length + ")");
debug.log(1, a);
debug.log(1, "b = (len: " + b.length + ")");
debug.log(1, b);
for (var k=1; k<a.length+b.length+1; k++){
debug.log(1, "================== k: " + k + "=====================");
if (k_largest(a, b, c, k) === 0 ){
debug.log(1, "c = (len: "+c.length+")");
debug.log(1, c);
}
try{
result = kth(a, b, k, -1);
debug.log(1, "===== The " + k + "-th largest number: " + result);
} catch (e) {
debug.log(0, "Error message from kth(): " + e);
}
debug.log("==================================================");
}
debug.log(1, "################# Now for the n sorted arrays ######################");
debug.log(1, "####################################################################");
x = [[1, 3, 5, 7, 9],
[-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12],
[8, 20, 33, 212, 310, 311, 623],
[8],
[0, 100, 700],
[300],
[],
null];
debug.log(1, "x = (len: "+x.length+")");
debug.log(1, x);
for (var i=0, num=0; i<x.length; i++){
if (x[i]!== null) num += x[i].length;
}
debug.log(1, "totoal number of elements: "+num);
// to test k in specific ranges:
var start = 0, end = 25;
for (k=start; k<end; k++){
debug.log(1, "=========================== k: " + k + "===========================");
try{
result = find_kth_in_arrays(x, k);
debug.log(1, "====== The " + k + "-th smallest number: " + result);
} catch (e) {
debug.log(1, "Error message from find_kth_in_arrays: " + e);
}
debug.log(1, "=================================================================");
}
debug.log(1, "x = (len: "+x.length+")");
debug.log(1, x);
debug.log(1, "totoal number of elements: "+num);
带有调试工具的完整代码可以在以下位置找到：https://github.com/brainclone/teasers/tree/master/kth