在 Herohu 上服务 Django 后出现应用程序错误，“模块”对象没有属性 Cling答案

【问题标题】：Getting application error after serving Django on Herohu, 'module' object has no attribute Cling在 Herohu 上服务 Django 后出现应用程序错误，“模块”对象没有属性 Cling
【发布时间】：2015-06-02 07:51:56
【问题描述】：

我一直在使用本指南Getting Started with Django on Heroku

requirements.txt

dj-database-url==0.3.0
dj-static==0.0.6
Django==1.7.7
django-toolbelt==0.0.1
djrill==1.3.0
gunicorn==19.3.0
Pillow==2.7.0
psycopg2==2.6
requests==2.6.0
static3==0.5.1

Procfile

web: gunicorn MY_DJANGO_APP.wsgi --log-file -

wsgi.py

import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "MY_DJANGO_APP.settings")

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

from dj_static import Cling
application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())

Heroku 日志

State changed from crashed to starting
heroku[web.1]: Starting process with command `gunicorn MY_Django_App.wsgi --log-file -`
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:55 +0000] [3] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 19.3.0
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [8] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 8
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:55 +0000] [3] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:17329 (3)
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:55 +0000] [3] [INFO] Using worker: sync
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:55 +0000] [7] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 7
heroku[web.1]: State changed from starting to up
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [8] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:
app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
app[web.1]:   File "/app/MY_Django_App/wsgi.py", line 17, in <module>
app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process
app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/dj_static.py", line 48, in __init__
app[web.1]: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Cling'
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/dj_static.py", line 48, in __init__
app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
app[web.1]:     application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())
app[web.1]: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Cling'
app[web.1]:     application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker
app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
app[web.1]:     self.cling = static.Cling(base_dir)
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [8] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 8)
app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
app[web.1]:   File "/app/MY_Django_App/wsgi.py", line 17, in <module>
app[web.1]:     self.cling = static.Cling(base_dir)
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [7] [ERROR] Exception in worker process:
app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/dj_static.py", line 48, in __init__
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
app[web.1]:   File "/app/MY_Django_App/wsgi.py", line 17, in <module>
app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process
app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
app[web.1]:     self.cling = static.Cling(base_dir)
app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/util.py", line 355, in import_app
app[web.1]:     worker.init_process()
app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 65, in load
app[web.1]: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Cling'
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [3] [INFO] Shutting down: Master
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [3] [INFO] Reason: Worker failed to boot.
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 67, in wsgi
app[web.1]:     self.cling = static.Cling(base_dir)
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker
app[web.1]:   File "/app/MY_Django_App/wsgi.py", line 17, in <module>
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 507, in spawn_worker
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/workers/base.py", line 118, in init_process
app[web.1]:     self.callable = self.load()
app[web.1]: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Cling'
app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/dj_static.py", line 48, in __init__
app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
app[web.1]:     return util.import_app(self.app_uri)
app[web.1]: Traceback (most recent call last):
app[web.1]:   File "/app/.heroku/python/lib/python3.4/site-packages/gunicorn/app/wsgiapp.py", line 52, in load_wsgiapp
app[web.1]:     application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())
app[web.1]:     application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())
app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
app[web.1]: [2015-03-29 07:17:56 +0000] [7] [INFO] Worker exiting (pid: 7)
heroku[web.1]: State changed from up to crashed
heroku[web.1]: Process exited with status 3
heroku[router]: at=error code=H10 desc="App crashed" method=GET path="/feed" host=MY_Django_App.herokuapp.com request_id=e6de6503-58ea-4a05-b8fc-20321ace144a fwd="91.133.185.43" dyno=web.1 connect=5000ms service= status=503 bytes=

更引人注目的错误

app[web.1]:     self.wsgi = self.app.wsgi()
app[web.1]:     return self.load_wsgiapp()
app[web.1]:     __import__(module)
app[web.1]:     application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())
app[web.1]: AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'Cling'
app[web.1]:     application = Cling(get_wsgi_application())

我应该如何处理 Cling 事物错误？在项目设置过程中我有什么遗漏吗？

【问题讨论】：

首先，日志文件的输出似乎被打乱了。这条线似乎是引发错误的地方self.cling = static.Cling(base_dir)。我不了解 gunicorn 或 heroku，但据我所知，该错误很可能是由某些不正确的 python 包版本或缺少某些 python 包引起的。
感谢您的评论，但我使用的是教程中提到的相同版本：dj-static==0.0.6

标签： django heroku gunicorn django-settings django-wsgi

【解决方案1】：

错误本身意味着某些东西正在调用python模块上的方法或获取属性，而不是模块内的类。

如果您的模块文件名与内部的类相同，则可能会发生这种情况。也就是说，如果你有 cling.py 并且里面是一个名为 cling 的 python 类。

我对 python3 不太了解，我不确定是什么原因造成的，我很想说这可能是循环依赖问题，或者可能是 dj-static 的依赖之一，即 static 已更新并导致这个问题？

也许尝试在您的要求中仅指定 dj-static 并删除对 static 的依赖，因为我认为 dj-static 应该自行解决其对 static 的依赖，这可能会导致冲突。

heroku 上的文档可能已经过时了。

【讨论】：

我认为 dj-static 不稳定且维护良好。 DjangoWhiteNoise 做得很好。感谢您的跟进。

【解决方案2】：

我开始使用 DjangoWhiteNoise 而不是 dj-static 并且没有更多问题。

【讨论】：

【解决方案3】：

就我而言，我在子目录中有一个无关的__init__.pyc，它不应该在。（原因：当我移动模块时，__init__.py 被正确删除，但编译后的__init__.pyc 被留下了。）
Django 的自动发现然后抛出了这个错误。
删除不需要的__init__.pyc 文件修复了它。

【讨论】：