使用 Flask，Twilio API 和 PythonAnywhere 得到错误 11200 - HTTP 检索失败

Question

我制作了一个烧瓶应用程序，它使用 Twilio Webhooks 检测在 whatsapp 上收到的消息。收到消息后，应用程序会将消息发送回同一电话号码。这可以完美地使用 Flask 和 Ngrok 来部署服务器并公开它。然而，一旦我将它部署到 PythonAnywhere，我会在 Twilio 控制台中收到 11200 错误。这是代码。

from flask import Flask, request
import requests
from twilio.rest import Client

account_sid = 'xxxxx'
auth_token = 'xxxxx'
client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

def mmsg(phono, body):

    message = client.messages.create(
        from_='whatsapp:+14155238886',
        body=body,
        to=phono,
    )

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/post', methods=['POST'])
def bot():
        incoming_msg = request.values.get('Body', '').lower()
        phono = request.values.get('From', "")
        if incoming_msg == 'hi':
            mmsg(phono, 'hello!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

当我检查 PythonAnywhere 错误日志时，我得到了这个

2020-07-19 13:50:46,569: POST Request: https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts/AC84a8b5837227246efc0c6f9440b6e12c/Messages.json
2020-07-19 13:50:46,570: PAYLOAD: {'To': 'whatsapp:{myphonenumber}', 'From': 'whatsapp:+14155238886', 'Body': 'hello!'}
2020-07-19 13:50:49,576: Exception on /post [POST]
Traceback (most recent call last):
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='api.twilio.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /2010-04-01/Accounts/AC84a8b5837227246efc0c6f9440b6e12c/Messages.json (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7fc0504362e8>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused',))

我已经尝试像这样向message = client.messages.create 添加另一个键和值。

message = client.messages.create(
            from_='whatsapp:+14155238886',
            body=item,
            to=phono,
            AC84a8b5837227246efc0c6f9440b6e12c='83ce0b901ff353f9b9a77222e001d71d'
        )

当我尝试这样做时，我在 PythonAnywhere 上收到此错误。

2020-07-19 14:09:51,030: Exception on /post [POST]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/.virtualenvs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 2447, in wsgi_app
    response = self.full_dispatch_request()
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/.virtualenvs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1952, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.handle_user_exception(e)
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/.virtualenvs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1821, in handle_user_exception
    reraise(exc_type, exc_value, tb)
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/.virtualenvs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/_compat.py", line 39, in reraise
    raise value
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/.virtualenvs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1950, in full_dispatch_request
    rv = self.dispatch_request()
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/.virtualenvs/my-virtualenv/lib/python3.6/site-packages/flask/app.py", line 1936, in dispatch_request
    return self.view_functions[rule.endpoint](**req.view_args)
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/bot.py", line 46, in bot
    mmsg(phono, ou)
  File "/home/AbhayAysola/bot.py", line 24, in mmsg
    AC84a8b5837227246efc0c6f9440b6e12c='83ce0b901ff353f9b9a77222e001d71d'
TypeError: create() got an unexpected keyword argument 'AC84a8b5837227246efc0c6f9440b6e12c'

Answer 1

PythonAnywhere 上的免费帐户限制了 Internet 访问；您只能访问一组特定的网站（listed here，但这是您可以访问的网站列表，而不是您无法访问的网站列表），并且您必须使用代理服务器访问它们。

对于大多数完全透明的库——它们从系统环境中获取代理设置并使用它，而无需您做任何额外的事情。但是 Twilio 库需要一些额外的配置。有一个帮助页面解释了这是什么here，但您的代码的具体更改是替换它：

client = Client(account_sid, auth_token)

...用这个：

import os
from twilio.http.http_client import TwilioHttpClient

proxy_client = TwilioHttpClient(proxy={'http': os.environ['http_proxy'], 'https': os.environ['https_proxy']})
client = Client(account_sid, auth_token, http_client=proxy_client)