如何调整热图中的 x 轴刻度值以适应 flexdashboard 中的窗口？答案

【问题标题】：How to resize the x-axis tick values in the heat map to fit within the window in a flexdashboard?如何调整热图中的 x 轴刻度值以适应 flexdashboard 中的窗口？
【发布时间】：2021-12-18 20:54:32
【问题描述】：

我遇到了一个问题，即 x 轴值（热图上列出的制造商）由于数据集中的制造商数量而相互重叠。有没有办法动态更改这些 x 轴刻度标签/值的大小，以便在使用闪亮/flexdashboard 时它们不会相互重叠？我所说的“动态”是指 x 轴刻度值（即制造商）的大小根据用户在下拉菜单中的选择而改变。如果除了动态调整 x 轴刻度值之外还有其他方法可以解决此问题，我也愿意接受。

这是数据：

structure(list(Toys = c("Slinky", "Slinky", "Slinky", "Slinky", 
"Slinky", "Slinky", "Tin Solider", "Tin Solider", "Tin Solider", 
"Tin Solider", "Tin Solider", "Tin Solider", "Hungry Hungry Hippo", 
"Hungry Hungry Hippo", "Hungry Hungry Hippo", "Hungry Hungry Hippo", 
"Hungry Hungry Hippo", "Hungry Hungry Hippo", "Bead Maze", "Bead Maze", 
"Bead Maze", "Bead Maze", "Bead Maze", "Bead Maze", "Hula Hoop", 
"Hula Hoop", "Hula Hoop", "Hula Hoop", "Hula Hoop", "Hula Hoop", 
"Kaleidoscope", "Kaleidoscope", "Kaleidoscope", "Kaleidoscope", 
"Kaleidoscope", "Kaleidoscope", "Pogo Stick", "Pogo Stick", "Pogo Stick", 
"Pogo Stick", "Pogo Stick", "Pogo Stick", "Jump N' Dunk Trampoline", 
"Jump N' Dunk Trampoline", "Jump N' Dunk Trampoline", "Jump N' Dunk Trampoline", 
"Jump N' Dunk Trampoline", "Jump N' Dunk Trampoline", "Play-Doh", 
"Play-Doh", "Play-Doh", "Play-Doh", "Play-Doh", "Play-Doh", "Mr. Potato Head", 
"Mr. Potato Head", "Mr. Potato Head", "Mr. Potato Head", "Mr. Potato Head", 
"Mr. Potato Head", "Corn Popper", "Corn Popper", "Corn Popper", 
"Corn Popper", "Corn Popper", "Corn Popper", "Let's Go Fishing", 
"Let's Go Fishing", "Let's Go Fishing", "Let's Go Fishing", "Let's Go Fishing", 
"Let's Go Fishing", "Operation", "Operation", "Operation", "Operation", 
"Operation", "Operation", "Ker Plunk", "Ker Plunk", "Ker Plunk", 
"Ker Plunk", "Ker Plunk", "Ker Plunk", "Jack-In-The-Box", "Jack-In-The-Box", 
"Jack-In-The-Box", "Jack-In-The-Box", "Jack-In-The-Box", "Jack-In-The-Box", 
"Xylophone", "Xylophone", "Xylophone", "Xylophone", "Xylophone", 
"Xylophone", "Chatter Phone", "Chatter Phone", "Chatter Phone", 
"Chatter Phone", "Chatter Phone", "Chatter Phone", "Jumbo Jacks", 
"Jumbo Jacks", "Jumbo Jacks", "Jumbo Jacks", "Jumbo Jacks", "Jumbo Jacks", 
"Rock 'em Sock 'em Robots", "Rock 'em Sock 'em Robots", "Rock 'em Sock 'em Robots", 
"Rock 'em Sock 'em Robots", "Rock 'em Sock 'em Robots", "Rock 'em Sock 'em Robots", 
"Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", 
"Silly Putty", "TinkerToy", "TinkerToy", "TinkerToy", "TinkerToy", 
"TinkerToy", "TinkerToy", "Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", 
"Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", "Silly Putty", "Red Wagon", "Red Wagon", 
"Red Wagon", "Red Wagon", "Red Wagon", "Red Wagon", "Magic 8 Ball", 
"Magic 8 Ball", "Magic 8 Ball", "Magic 8 Ball", "Magic 8 Ball", 
"Magic 8 Ball"), Manufacturer = c("Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", 
"Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", 
"Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", 
"Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", 
"Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", 
"Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", 
"Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer E", "Manufacturer E", 
"Manufacturer E", "Manufacturer E", "Manufacturer E", "Manufacturer E", 
"Manufacturer G", "Manufacturer G", "Manufacturer G", "Manufacturer G", 
"Manufacturer G", "Manufacturer G", "Manufacturer H", "Manufacturer H", 
"Manufacturer H", "Manufacturer H", "Manufacturer H", "Manufacturer H", 
"Manufacturer I", "Manufacturer I", "Manufacturer I", "Manufacturer I", 
"Manufacturer I", "Manufacturer I", "Manufacturer J", "Manufacturer J", 
"Manufacturer J", "Manufacturer J", "Manufacturer J", "Manufacturer J", 
"Manufacturer K", "Manufacturer K", "Manufacturer K", "Manufacturer K", 
"Manufacturer K", "Manufacturer K", "Manufacturer L", "Manufacturer L", 
"Manufacturer L", "Manufacturer L", "Manufacturer L", "Manufacturer L", 
"Manufacturer M", "Manufacturer M", "Manufacturer M", "Manufacturer M", 
"Manufacturer M", "Manufacturer M", "Manufacturer N", "Manufacturer N", 
"Manufacturer N", "Manufacturer N", "Manufacturer N", "Manufacturer N", 
"Manufacturer O", "Manufacturer O", "Manufacturer O", "Manufacturer O", 
"Manufacturer O", "Manufacturer O", "Manufacturer P", "Manufacturer P", 
"Manufacturer P", "Manufacturer P", "Manufacturer P", "Manufacturer P", 
"Manufacturer Q", "Manufacturer Q", "Manufacturer Q", "Manufacturer Q", 
"Manufacturer Q", "Manufacturer Q", "Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", 
"Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", 
"Manufacturer S", "Manufacturer S", "Manufacturer S", "Manufacturer S", 
"Manufacturer S", "Manufacturer S", "Manufacturer T", "Manufacturer T", 
"Manufacturer T", "Manufacturer T", "Manufacturer T", "Manufacturer T", 
"Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", 
"Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer A", "Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", 
"Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer B", 
"Manufacturer B", "Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", 
"Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer C", "Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", 
"Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", "Manufacturer D", 
"Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R", 
"Manufacturer R", "Manufacturer R"), Price = c(5.99, 6.99, 7.99, 
9, 6, 5.54, 7, 9.99, 6.99, 6.75, 8, 7.99, 9.99, 7.99, 5.99, 8.99, 
10.99, 9.75, 9.99, 10.15, 8.99, 6.99, 5.99, 9.99, 9.99, 7.75, 
8.75, 9.95, 4.5, 5.54, 3.99, 4.5, 7.5, 8.95, 8.9, 6.99, 150.99, 
175.99, 170.99, 180.99, 190.99, 175, 310.64, 335.64, 360.64, 
385.64, 410.64, 435.64, 7.99, 8.99, 9.05, 9.1, 9.99, 10.15, 6.75, 
8.75, 7.75, 9.75, 6.75, 8.75, 10.35, 10.55, 11, 17, 17.75, 18, 
6.97, 7.05, 8.97, 9, 8.99, 6.99, 19.99, 21.15, 16.99, 17.99, 
18.99, 14.99, 14.96, 14.97, 15.15, 18.17, 19, 50, 6, 7, 8, 7, 
9, 10, 10, 11, 12, 11, 12, 9, 5, 6, 7, 7.5, 5, 5, 10.95, 9.95, 
9.99, 10.5, 10.95, 9.95, 28, 30, 28, 32, 27, 27.95, 5, 3, 4, 
5, 4, 3, 25, 25, 27, 29, 25.5, 28.5, 5.12, 4.95, 5, 4.5, 5.12, 
5, 15, 16, 16, 14.99, 15.5, 16, 5, 6.5, 5.5, 7.5, 6, 5), change = c(0, 
16.69449082, 14.30615165, 12.640801, -33.33333333, -7.666666667, 
0, 42.71428571, -30.03003003, -3.433476395, 18.51851852, -0.125, 
0, -20.02002002, -25.03128911, 50.08347245, 22.24694105, -11.28298453, 
0, 1.601601602, -11.42857143, -22.24694105, -14.30615165, 66.77796327, 
0, -22.42242242, 12.90322581, 13.71428571, -54.77386935, 23.11111111, 
0, 12.78195489, 66.66666667, 19.33333333, -0.558659218, -21.46067416, 
0, 16.55738791, -2.841070515, 5.848295222, 5.525167136, -8.372166082, 
0, 8.047901107, 7.44845668, 6.932120674, 6.482730007, 6.088057666, 
0, 12.51564456, 0.667408231, 0.552486188, 9.78021978, 1.601601602, 
0, 29.62962963, -11.42857143, 25.80645161, -30.76923077, 29.62962963, 
0, 1.93236715, 4.265402844, 54.54545455, 4.411764706, 1.408450704, 
0, 1.147776184, 27.23404255, 0.334448161, -0.111111111, -22.24694105, 
0, 5.802901451, -19.66903073, 5.885815185, 5.558643691, -21.06371775, 
0, 0.06684492, 1.20240481, 19.9339934, 4.56796918, 163.1578947, 
0, 16.66666667, 14.28571429, -12.5, 28.57142857, 11.11111111, 
0, 10, 9.090909091, -8.333333333, 9.090909091, -25, 0, 20, 16.66666667, 
7.142857143, -33.33333333, 0, 0, -9.132420091, 0.40201005, 5.105105105, 
4.285714286, -9.132420091, 0, 7.142857143, -6.666666667, 14.28571429, 
-15.625, 3.518518519, 0, -40, 33.33333333, 25, -20, -25, 0, 0, 
8, 7.407407407, -12.06896552, 11.76470588, -82.03508772, 0, 1.01010101, 
-10, 13.77777778, -2.34375, 0, 6.666666667, 0, -6.3125, 3.402268179, 
3.225806452, 0, 30, -15.38461538, 36.36363636, -20, -16.66666667
), Dates = c("1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", 
"9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", "1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", 
"7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", "1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", 
"5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", "1/1/2021", 
"3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021", 
"1/1/2021", "3/1/2021", "5/1/2021", "7/1/2021", "9/1/2021", "10/1/2021"
)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -144L))

这是实际代码：

---
title: "Test"
output: flexdashboard::flex_dashboard
runtime: shiny
---

```{r global, include=FALSE}
library(dplyr)
library(tidyquant)
library(ggplot2)
library(stringr)
library(tidyr)
library(pins)
library(shiny)
library(httr)
library(XML)
library(DT)
library(plotly)
library(purrr)


test_data  <- #insert dput here

```


Sidebar {.sidebar}
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

```{r}

selectInput("Toys",
            label = "Toys",
            choices = c("ALL",unique(sort(test_data$Toys))),
            selected = "ALL")

selectInput("Manufacturer",
                label = "Manufacturer",
                choices = c("ALL", test_data %>% 
                          dplyr::select(Manufacturer) %>% 
                          dplyr::arrange(Manufacturer)),
            selected = "ALL")
                  

dateRangeInput(inputId = "Dates",
               label = "Date Range",
               start = Sys.Date() %m+% years(-1),
               end = Sys.Date(),
               format = 'yyyy-mm')

```

Column 
-------------------------------------
```{r}
#Hides initial error messages
tags$style(type="text/css",
  ".shiny-output-error { visibility: hidden; }",
  ".shiny-output-error:before { visibility: hidden; }"
)

observe({
      # updateSelectInput(inputId = "Toys", 
      #                 choices = test_data[test_data$Manufacturer==input$Manufacturer,
      #                                     "Toys"])
      updateSelectInput(inputId = "Manufacturer", 
                        choices = test_data[test_data$Toys ==input$Toys, 
                                            "Manufacturer"] %>% 
                          append('ALL', after = 0))
  
})


Toys_reactive <- reactive({ 
  
      test_data[(input$Manufacturer == "ALL" |
                                    test_data$Manufacturer == input$Manufacturer) & 
                                   (input$Toys == "ALL" | 
                                      test_data$Toys == input$Toys),,drop = FALSE]
    })

chart_height <- reactive({Toys_reactive() %>%
        dplyr::filter(!is.na(Dates)) %>%
        dplyr::select(Manufacturer) %>%
        unique %>%
        nrow * 130})

 output$plot <- renderPlotly({
       p <- Toys_reactive() %>% 
        dplyr::filter(!is.na(Dates)) %>% 
        ggplot(aes(x = Dates, y = Price, text = paste(paste0("Price: $", sprintf("%.2f", Price)),"<br> Date: ", Dates), group = Manufacturer)) + 
          geom_point(size = 1.5) + 
          geom_line() + 
         facet_wrap(~Manufacturer, scales = "free", ncol = 1) +
          theme_bw() + 
           theme(
            title = element_text(colour='black'),
             axis.title.x = element_blank(),
            axis.title.y = element_blank(),
            axis.text.x = element_text(size = rel(0.85)),
            panel.grid.major = element_line(colour = "grey70", size = 0.1),
            panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
            panel.border = element_blank(),
            panel.spacing = unit(0.45,"cm")
           ) #ensuring that plots render properly
       ggplotly(p, height = chart_height(), tooltip = "text", xaxis = list(automargin = T)) %>% layout(margin=list(b=25))
        
     })
    #Renders the plot above with the proper height
    renderUI({
      plotlyOutput("plot", height = "100%")
    })
    
```

{.tabset .tabset-fade}
-------------------------------------

### Heat Map

```{r}
renderPlotly({p <- ggplot(Toys_reactive() %>% 
                            dplyr::group_by(Toys, Manufacturer) %>% 
                            dplyr::summarize(change = sum(change, na.rm = TRUE)),
                  aes(x = Manufacturer, y = Toys)) + 
                    geom_tile(aes(fill = change)) +
                    theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1),
                          axis.title.x = element_blank(),
                          axis.title.y = element_blank(), legend.key.size = unit(0.5,                            'cm')) +
                    scale_fill_viridis_c(option = "B", direction = -1)

    ggplotly(p) %>% layout(autosize = T)
  })

这是我的意思的图片：

请注意，这只是一个测试数据集，因此热图看起来确实很时髦。更多的是提供一个说明性的例子。

【问题讨论】：

标签： r ggplot2 shiny plotly flexdashboard

【解决方案1】：

您可以通过调整绘图函数使其格式随需要显示的类别数量而变化来做到这一点。在这里，我将轴文本的大小调整为类别数。

library(tidyverse)
df_var_size <- function(x_cat = 32) {
  mtcars %>%
    rownames_to_column("car") %>%
    slice(1:x_cat) -> mtcars_sized
    
  mtcars_sized %>%
  ggplot(aes(car, mpg)) +
    geom_point() +
    theme(axis.text.x = element_text(
      angle = 60, hjust = 1, size = pmin(10, 200 / length(unique(mtcars_sized$car)))))
}

结果。请注意，当类别增长到 30 时，文本会变小。我使用pmin，这样当类别很少时，文本不会超过 10。

df_var_size(10)

df_var_size(20)

df_var_size(30)

【讨论】：