为什么 Oracle 使用 ORDER BY 忽略索引？

Question

我的目的是获取客户的分页结果集。我正在使用这个算法，来自Tom:

select * from (
  select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(20) */ FIRST_NAME, ROW_NUMBER() over (order by FIRST_NAME) RN
  from CUSTOMER C
)
where RN between 1 and 20
order by RN;

我还在“客户”列上定义了一个索引。“FIRST_NAME”：

CREATE INDEX CUSTOMER_FIRST_NAME_TEST ON CUSTOMER (FIRST_NAME ASC);

查询返回预期的结果集，但从解释计划中我注意到未使用索引：

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                 | Name     | Rows  | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT          |          | 15467 |   679K|   157   (3)| 00:00:02 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY            |          | 15467 |   679K|   157   (3)| 00:00:02 |
|*  2 |   VIEW                    |          | 15467 |   679K|   155   (2)| 00:00:02 |
|*  3 |    WINDOW SORT PUSHED RANK|          | 15467 |   151K|   155   (2)| 00:00:02 |
|   4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL     | CUSTOMER | 15467 |   151K|   154   (1)| 00:00:02 |
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("RN">=1 AND "RN"<=20)
   3 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "FIRST_NAME")<=20)

我正在使用 Oracle 11g。由于我只查询前 20 行，按索引列排序，因此我希望使用索引。

为什么 Oracle 优化器会忽略索引？我认为分页算法有问题，但我不知道是什么问题。

谢谢。

Answer 1

您的 FIRST_NAME 列很可能可以为空。

SQL> create table customer (first_name varchar2(20), last_name varchar2(20));

Table created.

SQL> insert into customer select dbms_random.string('U', 20), dbms_random.string('U', 20) from dual connect by level <= 100000;

100000 rows created.

SQL> create index c on customer(first_name);

Index created.

SQL> explain plan for select * from (
  2    select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(20) */ FIRST_NAME, ROW_NUMBER() over (order by FIRST_NAME) RN
  3    from CUSTOMER C
  4  )
  5  where RN between 1 and 20
  6  order by RN;

Explained.

SQL> @explain ""

Plan hash value: 1474094583

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                 | Name     | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT          |          |   117K|  2856K|       |  1592   (1)| 00:00:20 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY            |          |   117K|  2856K|  4152K|  1592   (1)| 00:00:20 |
|*  2 |   VIEW                    |          |   117K|  2856K|       |   744   (2)| 00:00:09 |
|*  3 |    WINDOW SORT PUSHED RANK|          |   117K|  1371K|  2304K|   744   (2)| 00:00:09 |
|   4 |     TABLE ACCESS FULL     | CUSTOMER |   117K|  1371K|       |   205   (1)| 00:00:03 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("RN">=1 AND "RN"<=20)
   3 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "FIRST_NAME")<=20)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

21 rows selected.

SQL> alter table customer modify first_name not null;

Table altered.

SQL> explain plan for select * from (
  2    select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(20) */ FIRST_NAME, ROW_NUMBER() over (order by FIRST_NAME) RN
  3    from CUSTOMER C
  4  )
  5  where RN between 1 and 20
  6  order by RN;

Explained.

SQL> @explain ""

Plan hash value: 1725028138

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation               | Name | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT        |      |   117K|  2856K|       |   850   (1)| 00:00:11 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY          |      |   117K|  2856K|  4152K|   850   (1)| 00:00:11 |
|*  2 |   VIEW                  |      |   117K|  2856K|       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY|      |   117K|  1371K|       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|   4 |     INDEX FULL SCAN     | C    |   117K|  1371K|       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("RN">=1 AND "RN"<=20)
   3 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "FIRST_NAME")<=20)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

21 rows selected.

SQL>

在那里添加一个 NOT NULL 来解决它。

SQL> explain plan for select * from (
  2    select /*+ FIRST_ROWS(20) */ FIRST_NAME, ROW_NUMBER() over (order by FIRST_NAME) RN
  3    from CUSTOMER C
  4    where first_name is not null
  5  )
  6  where RN between 1 and 20
  7  order by RN;

Explained.

SQL> @explain ""

Plan hash value: 1725028138

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation               | Name | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT        |      |   117K|  2856K|       |   850   (1)| 00:00:11 |
|   1 |  SORT ORDER BY          |      |   117K|  2856K|  4152K|   850   (1)| 00:00:11 |
|*  2 |   VIEW                  |      |   117K|  2856K|       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  3 |    WINDOW NOSORT STOPKEY|      |   117K|  1371K|       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
|*  4 |     INDEX FULL SCAN     | C    |   117K|  1371K|       |     2   (0)| 00:00:01 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------

   2 - filter("RN">=1 AND "RN"<=20)
   3 - filter(ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY "FIRST_NAME")<=20)
   4 - filter("FIRST_NAME" IS NOT NULL)

Note
-----
   - dynamic sampling used for this statement (level=2)

22 rows selected.

SQL>

Answer 2

您查询的列多于first_name。 first_name 上的索引仅包含 first_name 列和对表的引用。因此，要检索其他列，Oracle 必须对表本身为每一行执行查找。如果不能保证低记录数，大多数数据库都会尝试避免这种情况。

数据库通常不够聪明，无法知道where 子句对row_number 列的影响。但是，您的提示 /*+ FIRST_ROWS(20) */ 可能已经成功了。

也许表真的很小，所以 Oracle 期望表扫描比查找便宜，即使只有 20 行。