我不确定如何将这段代码正确地[使用 PyInstaller] 执行到 .exe 文件中

Question

我正在尝试使用 PyInstaller 将我的 .py 文件转换为 .exe 文件。这个过程很好。但是，当我尝试运行 .exe 文件时，程序提到它找不到“client_secret.json”。

我不确定如何在文件包中正确包含 JSON 文件，以便正确执行转换后的 .exe 文件。

我是 PyInstaller 的新手，所以请不要对我评价太苛刻：/

我已尝试将“client_secret.json”添加到 PALSheet.spec 的 .spec 文件中，但 .exe 文件（已更新）无法运行 [也是由于无法找到“client_secret.json”]。

这里是“PALSheet.py”的代码：

import tkinter
import gspread
from oauth2client.service_account import ServiceAccountCredentials


# use creds to create a client to interact with the Google Drive API and Google Sheets API
scope = 'https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds','https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive'

creds = ServiceAccountCredentials.from_json_keyfile_name('client_secret.json', scope)
client = gspread.authorize(creds)

# Find a workbook by name and open the first sheet
# Make sure you use the right name here.
sheet = client.open("PAL Tutoring Data SpreadSheet").sheet1

def ResetData():
    student_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    grade_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    class_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    topic_entry.delete('0', 'end')

def FindNextRow():
    global next_row
    next_row = ((len(sheet.col_values(int(1)))) + 1)

def InputData():
    FindNextRow()

    global next_row
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 1, student_entry.get())
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 2, grade_entry.get())
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 3, class_entry.get())
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 4, topic_entry.get())

    student_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    grade_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    class_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    topic_entry.delete('0', 'end')

window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("PAL Data Input")

student_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = " Student Name: ")
student_label.grid(row = "2", column = "1")
student_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
student_entry.grid(row = "2", column = "2")

grade_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = "Grade Level: ")
grade_label.grid(row = "3", column = "1")
grade_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
grade_entry.grid(row = "3", column = "2")

class_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = "Math Class: ")
class_label.grid(row = "4", column = "1")
class_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
class_entry.grid(row = "4", column = "2")

topic_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = " Problem Topic: ")
topic_label.grid(row = "5", column = "1")
topic_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
topic_entry.grid(row = "5", column = "2")

process_button = tkinter.Button(window, text = "Update Sheet", command = InputData)
process_button.grid(row = "6", column = "2")

reset_button = tkinter.Button(window, text = "Reset Fields", command = ResetData)
reset_button.grid(row = "6", column = "1")

window.mainloop()

我将“PALSheet.py”转换为“PALSheet.exe”后，文件显示如下错误：

Traceback（最近一次调用最后一次）： 文件“palsheet.py”，第 9 行，在 文件“site-packages\oauth2client\service_account.py”，第 219 行，在 from_json_keyfile_name FileNotFoundError：[Errno 2] 没有这样的文件或目录：'client_secret.json' [280] 执行脚本 PALSheet 失败

Answer 1

每当您使用构建 .exe 时

pyinstaller -F foobar.py

pyinstaller 将在您的 appdata 文件夹中创建一个包含 .exe 依赖项的临时目录。如果您在没有 -F 标志的情况下构建它，theese 将与可执行文件本身位于同一目录中。要访问这个临时文件夹，您需要使用如下函数：

import sys,os
def resource_path(relative_path: str) -> str:
    """ Get absolute path to resource"""
    try:
        # PyInstaller creates a temp folder and stores path in _MEIPASS
        base_path = sys._MEIPASS
    except Exception:
        base_path = os.path.abspath(".")

    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)

然后，您可以将 "client_secret.json" 替换为 ressource_path("client_secret.json")，即使使用 pyinstaller 的 -F 标志（当然没有 -F 标志）也能正常工作。 您需要将数据附加到 pyinstaller，因此新的构建命令是：

pyinstaller -F --add-data "client_secret.json;client_secret.json" foobar.py

Answer 2

这是你的新“PALSheet.py”：

import tkinter
import gspread
from oauth2client.service_account import ServiceAccountCredentials
import sys,os

def resource_path(relative_path: str) -> str:
    """ Get absolute path to resource"""
    try:
        # PyInstaller creates a temp folder and stores path in _MEIPASS
        base_path = sys._MEIPASS
    except Exception:
        base_path = os.path.abspath(".")

    return os.path.join(base_path, relative_path)

# use creds to create a client to interact with the Google Drive API and Google Sheets API
scope = 'https://spreadsheets.google.com/feeds','https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive'

creds = ServiceAccountCredentials.from_json_keyfile_name(ressource_path("client_secret.json"), scope)
client = gspread.authorize(creds)

# Find a workbook by name and open the first sheet
# Make sure you use the right name here.
sheet = client.open("PAL Tutoring Data SpreadSheet").sheet1

def ResetData():
    student_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    grade_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    class_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    topic_entry.delete('0', 'end')

def FindNextRow():
    global next_row
    next_row = ((len(sheet.col_values(int(1)))) + 1)

def InputData():
    FindNextRow()

    global next_row
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 1, student_entry.get())
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 2, grade_entry.get())
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 3, class_entry.get())
    sheet.update_cell(next_row, 4, topic_entry.get())

    student_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    grade_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    class_entry.delete('0', 'end')
    topic_entry.delete('0', 'end')

window = tkinter.Tk()
window.title("PAL Data Input")

student_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = " Student Name: ")
student_label.grid(row = "2", column = "1")
student_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
student_entry.grid(row = "2", column = "2")

grade_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = "Grade Level: ")
grade_label.grid(row = "3", column = "1")
grade_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
grade_entry.grid(row = "3", column = "2")

class_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = "Math Class: ")
class_label.grid(row = "4", column = "1")
class_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
class_entry.grid(row = "4", column = "2")

topic_label = tkinter.Label(window, text = " Problem Topic: ")
topic_label.grid(row = "5", column = "1")
topic_entry = tkinter.Entry(window)
topic_entry.grid(row = "5", column = "2")

process_button = tkinter.Button(window, text = "Update Sheet", command = InputData)
process_button.grid(row = "6", column = "2")

reset_button = tkinter.Button(window, text = "Reset Fields", command = ResetData)
reset_button.grid(row = "6", column = "1")

window.mainloop()

现在你需要运行：

pyinstaller -F --add-data "client_secret.json;client_secret.json" "PALSheet.py"