对此提出了零解决方案,因此我研究了一些方法。通过将其他对象上定义的方法添加到基础对象原型中,有ECMA script style mixins。但这意味着静态类型的优势消失了。
我一直在寻找一种不回避静态类型系统的解决方案。我知道ASMock 使用字节码注入来创建代理类。在过去的几天里,我在ASMock 附近进行了黑客攻击,并提出了一个可能的解决方案,通过创建一个具有组合类的类(通过字节码注入)来实现。
从用户的角度来看,这涉及到通过许多接口定义使用 mixin 的对象:
public interface Person extends RoomObject, Moveable
public interface RoomObject
{
function joinRoom(room:Room):void
function get room():Room
}
public interface Moveable
{
function moveTo(location:Point):void
function get location():Point
}
然后你定义类来表示这些接口:
public class MoveableImpl implements Moveable
{
private var _location:Point = new Point()
public function get location():Point { return _location }
public function move(location:Point):void
{
_location = location.clone()
}
}
public class RoomObjectImpl implements RoomObject
{
private var _room:Room
public function get room():Room { return _room }
public function joinRoom(room:Room):void
{
_room = room
}
}
在您想要编写类的正常情况下:
public class PersonImpl implements Person
{
private var _roomObject:RoomObject = new RoomObjectImpl()
private var _moveable:Moveable = new MoveableImpl()
public function get room():Room { return _roomObject.room }
public function joinRoom(room:Room):void { _roomObject.joinRoom(room) }
public function get location():Point { return _moveable.location }
public function move(location:Point):void { _moveable.move(location) }
}
由于它是常规布局,因此很容易使用代码编写。这正是我的解决方案所做的,通过将等效字节码注入一个新类。使用这个字节码注入系统,我们可以像这样创建一个 Person 对象:
public class Main
{
private var mixinRepo:MixinRepository = new MixinRepository()
public function Main()
{
with(mixinRepo)
{
defineMixin(RoomObject, RoomObjectImpl) // associate interfaces with concreate classes
defineMixin(Moveable, MoveableImpl)
defineBase(Person)
prepare().completed.add(testMixins) // the injection is a async process, just liek in ASMock
}
}
private function testMixins():void
{
var person:Person = mixinRepo.create(Person)
var room:Room = new Room('room you can play in')
person.joinRoom(room)
trace('person.room:', person.room)
person.move(new Point(1, 2))
trace('person.location:', person.location)
}
}
目前,该系统是概念验证,因此非常基础且脆弱。但它表明可以接近 AS3 的 Scala mixin/traits 风格系统。如果有人有兴趣运行解决方案并探索它是如何完成的,我已经创建了一个 github project 来保存代码。
在wiki这个项目上给出了一个更完整的例子。