如何在不添加 Web 引用的情况下调用 SOAP Web 服务

Question

我需要为基于 SOAP 的 Web 服务开发一个 .NET 4.5 客户端。问题是开发这些基于 SOAP 的服务的公司不提供 WSDL。但是，它们确实提供了请求响应模式（XSD 文件）。由于没有 WSDL，我无法添加 Web 引用并自动生成客户端代理代码。

是否有任何 .NET 4.5 库可供我用来进行这些 SOAP 基础服务调用？它还需要支持 SOAP 1.1 和 SOAP 附件。

Answer 1

如果由于某种原因您不想创建 WSDL 文件，可以使用以下示例手动构造 SOAP HTTP 请求：

var url = Settings.Default.URL; //'Web service URL'
var action = Settings.Default.SOAPAction; //the SOAP method/action name

var soapEnvelopeXml = CreateSoapEnvelope();
var soapRequest = CreateSoapRequest(url, action);
InsertSoapEnvelopeIntoSoapRequest(soapEnvelopeXml, soapRequest);

using (var stringWriter = new StringWriter())
{
    using (var xmlWriter = XmlWriter.Create(stringWriter))
    {
        soapEnvelopeXml.WriteTo(xmlWriter);
        xmlWriter.Flush();
    }
}

// begin async call to web request.
var asyncResult = soapRequest.BeginGetResponse(null, null);

// suspend this thread until call is complete. You might want to
// do something usefull here like update your UI.
var success = asyncResult.AsyncWaitHandle.WaitOne(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));

if (!success) return null;

// get the response from the completed web request.
using (var webResponse = soapRequest.EndGetResponse(asyncResult))
{
    string soapResult;
    var responseStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();
    if (responseStream == null)
    {
        return null;
    }
    using (var reader = new StreamReader(responseStream))
    {
        soapResult = reader.ReadToEnd();
    }
    return soapResult;
}

private static HttpWebRequest CreateSoapRequest(string url, string action)
{
    var webRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);
    webRequest.Headers.Add("SOAPAction", action);
    webRequest.ContentType = "text/xml;charset=\"utf-8\"";
    webRequest.Accept = "text/xml";
    webRequest.Method = "POST";
    return webRequest;
}

private static XmlDocument CreateSoapEnvelope()
{
    var soapEnvelope = new XmlDocument();
    soapEnvelope.LoadXml(Settings.Default.SOAPEnvelope); //the SOAP envelope to send
    return soapEnvelope;
}

private static void InsertSoapEnvelopeIntoSoapRequest(XmlDocument soapEnvelopeXml, HttpWebRequest webRequest)
{
    using (Stream stream = webRequest.GetRequestStream())
    {
        soapEnvelopeXml.Save(stream);
    }
}