使用 urlopen 时出现 HTTP 406 Not Acceptable client 错误

Question

我正在使用 urllib.request.urlopen 来查询 URL http://dblp.org/db/conf/lak/index。由于某种原因，我无法使用 Python 模块 urllib， 访问该站点，因为我收到以下 HTTP 状态代码错误：

HTTPError：HTTP 错误 406：不可接受

这是我用来发出此请求的代码：

from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url = 'http://dblp.org/db'
html = urlopen(url).read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
print(soup.prettify())

我不确定是什么导致了这个错误，我需要帮助来解决这个错误。

以下是与此错误相关的堆栈跟踪：

HTTPError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-5-b158a1e893a0> in <module>
----> 1 html = urlopen("https://dblp.org/db").read()
      2 #print(html)
      3 soup = BeautifulSoup(html)
      4 soup.prettify()

~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)
    220     else:
    221         opener = _opener
--> 222     return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
    223 
    224 def install_opener(opener):

~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)
    529         for processor in self.process_response.get(protocol, []):
    530             meth = getattr(processor, meth_name)
--> 531             response = meth(req, response)
    532 
    533         return response

~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in http_response(self, request, response)
    639         if not (200 <= code < 300):
    640             response = self.parent.error(
--> 641                 'http', request, response, code, msg, hdrs)
    642 
    643         return response

~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in error(self, proto, *args)
    567         if http_err:
    568             args = (dict, 'default', 'http_error_default') + orig_args
--> 569             return self._call_chain(*args)
    570 
    571 # XXX probably also want an abstract factory that knows when it makes

~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in _call_chain(self, chain, kind, meth_name, *args)
    501         for handler in handlers:
    502             func = getattr(handler, meth_name)
--> 503             result = func(*args)
    504             if result is not None:
    505                 return result

~\Anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs)
    647 class HTTPDefaultErrorHandler(BaseHandler):
    648     def http_error_default(self, req, fp, code, msg, hdrs):
--> 649         raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
    650 
    651 class HTTPRedirectHandler(BaseHandler):

HTTPError: HTTP Error 406: Not Acceptable

Answer 1

我正在调查 406 错误代码，当服务器无法使用请求中指定的接受标头进行响应时会发生这种情况。如果我能让 urlopen 正常工作，我也会发布该答案。

我在使用 Python 请求时没有收到此错误

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/78.0'
raw_html = requests.get('http://dblp.org/db/conf/lak/index')
soup = BeautifulSoup(raw_html.content, 'html.parser')
print(soup.prettify())

下面的答案使用urlopen，不会产生406错误。

from urllib.request import Request
from urllib.request import urlopen
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

raw_request = Request('https://dblp.org/db/conf/lak/index')
raw_request.add_header('User-Agent', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.15; rv:78.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/78.0')
raw_request.add_header('Accept', 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8')
resp = urlopen(raw_request)
raw_html = resp.read()
soup = BeautifulSoup(raw_html, 'html.parser')
print(soup.prettify())