如何从列表中查找对象答案

【问题标题】：How to find an object from a list如何从列表中查找对象
【发布时间】：2012-11-11 03:16:36
【问题描述】：

我使用以下程序创建了从网站获取的城市列表。现在我想从我创建的列表中找到城市（参数）的名称。我该怎么做？

换句话说，我如何从列表中找到一个对象？我试过了：listOfCities.find (city)，我收到一个错误，因为找不到属性 find。

def weatherNow (city):
  import urllib
  connection = urllib.urlopen("http://weather.canoe.ca/Weather/World.html")
  weather = connection.read()
  connection.close()
  cityLoc = weather.find('class="weatherred"')
  cityEnd = weather.find("</a>", cityLoc)
  if city != -1:
    listOfCities = []
    while cityLoc != -1:
      cityNames = weather[cityLoc+19:cityEnd-1]
      listOfCities.append(cityNames)
      cityLoc = weather.find('class="weatherred"', cityLoc+1)
      cityEnd = weather.find("</a>", cityLoc)

  print listOfCities

【问题讨论】：

我们在说什么语言？？
listOfCities 长什么样子？可以举个例子吗？
不要将camelCase 用于变量。见pep-8
相关：Python: Find in list

标签： python list find

【解决方案1】：

检查city是否在listOfCities中：

if city in listOfCities:
   # city is in the list

在列表中查找它的索引：

 i = listOfCities.index(city)

如果城市不在listOfCities 中，则会引发IndexError。

您可以使用 HTMLParser 来解析 html 而不是正则表达式。

完整示例

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
import cgi

try:
    from html.parser import HTMLParser
except ImportError: # Python 2
    from HTMLParser import HTMLParser

try:
    from urllib.request import urlopen
except ImportError: # Python 2
    from urllib2 import urlopen

class CitiesParser(HTMLParser):
    """Extract city list from html."""
    def __init__(self, html):
        HTMLParser.__init__(self)
        self.cities = []
        self.incity = None
        self.feed(html)

    def handle_starttag(self, tag, attrs):
        self.incity = tag == 'a' and ('class', 'weatherred') in attrs
    def handle_endtag(self, tag):
        self.incity = False
    def handle_data(self, data):
        if self.incity:
            self.cities.append(data.strip())

# download and parse city list
response = urlopen("http://weather.canoe.ca/Weather/World.html")
_, params = cgi.parse_header(response.headers.get('Content-Type', ''))
html = response.read().decode(params['charset'])

# find city
cities = CitiesParser(html).cities
for city in ['Ar Riyāḍ', 'Riyadh']:
    if city in cities:
        print("%s is found" % (city,))
        print("the index is %d" % (cities.index(city),))
        break
    else:
        print("%r is not found" % (city,))

【讨论】：