如何根据 XUnit 测试隔离 EF InMemory 数据库

Question

我正在尝试使用 InMemory EF7 数据库进行 xunit 存储库测试。

但我的问题是，当我尝试处置创建的上下文时，内存数据库仍然存在。这意味着一项测试涉及另一项测试。

我已阅读这篇文章Unit Testing Entity Framework 7 with the In Memory Data Store，并尝试在我的 TestClass 的构造函数中设置上下文。但这种方法行不通。当我单独运行测试时，一切都很好，但是我的第一个测试方法在 DB 中添加了一些东西，第二个测试方法从以前的测试方法中的脏 DB 开始。我尝试将 IDispose 添加到测试类中，但方法 DatabaseContext 和 DB 保留在内存中。我做错了什么我错过了什么吗？

我的代码如下：

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Xunit;

namespace Fabric.Tests.Repositories
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Test for TaskRepository 
    /// </summary>
    public class TaskRepositoryTests:IDisposable
    {

        private readonly DatabaseContext contextMemory;

        /// <summary>
        /// Constructor
        /// </summary>
        public TaskRepositoryTests()
        {
            var optionsBuilder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<DatabaseContext>();
            optionsBuilder.UseInMemoryDatabase();
            contextMemory = new DatabaseContext(optionsBuilder.Options);

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Dispose DB 
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            //this has no effect 
            if (contextMemory != null)
            {                
                contextMemory.Dispose();
            }
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// Positive Test for ListByAssigneeId method  
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>       
        [Fact]
        public async Task TasksRepositoryListByAssigneeId()
        {
            // Arrange
            var assigneeId = Guid.NewGuid();
            var taskList = new List<TaskItem>();


            //AssigneeId != assigneeId 
            taskList.Add(new TaskItem()
            {
                AssigneeId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                CreatorId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Description = "Descr 2",
                Done = false,
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Location = "Some location 2",
                Title = "Some title 2"
            });

            taskList.Add(new TaskItem()
            {
                AssigneeId = assigneeId,
                CreatorId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Description = "Descr",
                Done = false,
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Location = "Some location",
                Title = "Some title"
            });

            taskList.Add(new TaskItem()
            {
                AssigneeId = assigneeId,
                CreatorId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Description = "Descr 2",
                Done = false,
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Location = "Some location 2",
                Title = "Some title 2"
            });

            //AssigneeId != assigneeId 
            taskList.Add(new TaskItem()
            {
                AssigneeId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                CreatorId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Description = "Descr 2",
                Done = false,
                Id = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Location = "Some location 2",
                Title = "Some title 2"
            });


            //set up inmemory DB            
            contextMemory.TaskItems.AddRange(taskList);

            //save context
            contextMemory.SaveChanges();

            // Act
            var repository = new TaskRepository(contextMemory);
            var result = await repository.ListByAssigneeIdAsync(assigneeId);

            // Assert
            Assert.NotNull(result.Count());

            foreach (var td in result)
            {
                Assert.Equal(assigneeId, td.AssigneeId);
            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// test for Add method  
        /// (Skip = "not able to clear DB context yet")
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        [Fact]
        public async Task TasksRepositoryAdd()
        {
            var item = new TaskData()
            {
                AssigneeId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                CreatorId = Guid.NewGuid(),
                Description = "Descr",
                Done = false,
                Location = "Location",
                Title = "Title"
            };


            // Act
            var repository = new TaskRepository(contextMemory);
            var result = await repository.Add(item);

            // Assert
            Assert.Equal(1, contextMemory.TaskItems.Count());
            Assert.NotNull(result.Id);

            var dbRes = contextMemory.TaskItems.Where(s => s.Id == result.Id).SingleOrDefault();
            Assert.NotNull(dbRes);
            Assert.Equal(result.Id, dbRes.Id);
        }


    }
}

我正在使用：

"Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory": "1.0.0"

"Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore": "1.0.0"

"xunit": "2.2.0-beta2-build3300"

Answer 1

来自documentation，

通常，EF 为 AppDomain 中给定类型的所有上下文创建单个 IServiceProvider - 这意味着所有上下文实例共享相同的 InMemory 数据库实例。通过允许传入一个，您可以控制 InMemory 数据库的范围。

不要将测试类设为一次性并尝试以这种方式处理数据上下文，而是为每个测试创建一个新的：

private static DbContextOptions<BloggingContext> CreateNewContextOptions()
{
    // Create a fresh service provider, and therefore a fresh 
    // InMemory database instance.
    var serviceProvider = new ServiceCollection()
        .AddEntityFrameworkInMemoryDatabase()
        .BuildServiceProvider();

    // Create a new options instance telling the context to use an
    // InMemory database and the new service provider.
    var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<DatabaseContext>();
    builder.UseInMemoryDatabase()
           .UseInternalServiceProvider(serviceProvider);

    return builder.Options;
}

然后，在每个测试中，使用此方法新建一个数据上下文：

using (var context = new DatabaseContext(CreateNewContextOptions()))
{
    // Do all of your data access and assertions in here
}

这种方法应该为每个测试提供一个非常干净的内存数据库。

Answer 2

我认为 Nate 给出的答案现在可能已经过时，或者我做错了什么。 UseInMemoryDatabase() 现在需要一个数据库名称。

以下是我的最终结果。我添加了一行来创建一个唯一的数据库名称。 我删除了 using 语句，转而使用为每个测试用例调用一次的构造函数和 dispose。

我的测试中有一些调试行。

public class DeviceRepositoryTests : IClassFixture<DatabaseFixture>, IDisposable
{

    private readonly DeviceDbContext _dbContext;
    private readonly DeviceRepository _repository;

    private readonly ITestOutputHelper _output;
    DatabaseFixture _dbFixture;

    public DeviceRepositoryTests(DatabaseFixture dbFixture, ITestOutputHelper output)
    {
        this._dbFixture = dbFixture;
        this._output = output;

        var dbOptBuilder = GetDbOptionsBuilder();
        this._dbContext = new DeviceDbContext(dbOptBuilder.Options);
        this._repository = new DeviceRepository(_dbContext);

        DeviceDbContextSeed.EnsureSeedDataForContext(_dbContext);
        //_output.WriteLine($"Database: {_dbContext.Database.GetDbConnection().Database}\n" +
        _output.WriteLine($"" +
              $"Locations: {_dbContext.Locations.Count()} \n" +
              $"Devices: {_dbContext.Devices.Count()} \n" +
              $"Device Types: {_dbContext.DeviceTypes.Count()} \n\n");

        //_output.WriteLine(deviceDbContextToString(_dbContext));
    }

    public void Dispose()
    {
        _output.WriteLine($"" +
                          $"Locations: {_dbContext.Locations.Count()} \n" +
                          $"Devices: {_dbContext.Devices.Count()} \n" +
                          $"Device Types: {_dbContext.DeviceTypes.Count()} \n\n");
        _dbContext.Dispose();
    }

    private static DbContextOptionsBuilder<DeviceDbContext> GetDbOptionsBuilder()
    {

        // The key to keeping the databases unique and not shared is 
        // generating a unique db name for each.
        string dbName = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();

        // Create a fresh service provider, and therefore a fresh 
        // InMemory database instance.
        var serviceProvider = new ServiceCollection()
            .AddEntityFrameworkInMemoryDatabase()
            .BuildServiceProvider();

        // Create a new options instance telling the context to use an
        // InMemory database and the new service provider.
        var builder = new DbContextOptionsBuilder<DeviceDbContext>();
        builder.UseInMemoryDatabase(dbName)
               .UseInternalServiceProvider(serviceProvider);

        return builder;
    }

这是一个非常基本的测试用例。

[Fact]
public void LocationExists_True()
{
    Assert.True(_repository.LocationExists(_dbFixture.GoodLocationId));
}

我还做了 8 个测试用例，尝试删除具有相同 id 的同一设备，每个都通过了。