有一些方法可以让它更快,但它们可能不是必需的。
1000 万行是一个相对较小的数字。尽管如果行非常宽,情况可能会有所不同。对于性能问题,知道段大小通常比知道行数更好。段大小和硬件知识将帮助您做出非常粗略的估计。例如,“表是 100GB,SAN 以 100MB/秒的速度单线程读取,因此仅扫描表需要 17 分钟......”。
--Find the segment size in gigabytes.
--No matter how many rows there are this may be the amount of I/O processed.
select sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024 gb
from dba_segments
where segment_name = 'MYTABLE';
在这个简单的示例中,我的 PC 在 5 秒内创建了 1000 万行。
--Create table.
drop table myTable;
create table myTable(id number, myColumn varchar2(100)) nologging;
--Insert 10 million rows. Takes 9 seconds on my PC.
begin
for i in 1 .. 100 loop
insert /*+ append */ into myTable
select level, null from dual connect by level <= 100000;
commit;
end loop;
end;
/
--Create index. Takes 5 seconds on my PC.
create index myTable_idx_myColumn on myTable(myColumn);
那么你的机器上发生了什么?要找出答案,首先需要找到CREATE INDEX ... 语句的SQL_ID。在建立索引时,运行以下命令:
--Find the SQL_ID.
select sql_id, sql_text, elapsed_time/1000000 seconds
from v$sql
where users_executing > 0
order by seconds desc;
有很多方法可以从这里开始,我更喜欢 SQL 监控。如果语句正在运行或“最近”运行,则监控数据应该仍然存在。将 SQL_ID 插入此 SQL 语句以获取报告:
--Generate SQL Monitoring report.
--(This feature requires licensing, but if this is the first time you use it, it's
-- reasonable to consider this "testing". Buy it if you like it.)
select dbms_sqltune.report_sql_monitor('gb7tu2jpwng3q') from dual;
报告中有很多数据。这需要一段时间才能理解,但通常它会包含解决这类问题所需的大部分内容。首先,查看活动 (%) - 哪个步骤花费的时间最长?然后看看细节——它在等什么?看看Read和Write字节,对硬件来说合理吗?
SQL Monitoring Report
SQL Text
------------------------------
create index myTable_idx_myColumn on myTable(myColumn)
Global Information
------------------------------
Status : DONE
Instance ID : 1
Session : JHELLER (133:56633)
SQL ID : gb7tu2jpwng3q
SQL Execution ID : 16777216
Execution Started : 10/23/2015 00:34:32
First Refresh Time : 10/23/2015 00:34:36
Last Refresh Time : 10/23/2015 00:34:37
Duration : 5s
Module/Action : PL/SQL Developer/SQL Window - New
Service : orcl12
Program : plsqldev.exe
Global Stats
================================================================================================
| Elapsed | Cpu | IO | Application | PL/SQL | Buffer | Read | Read | Write | Write |
| Time(s) | Time(s) | Waits(s) | Waits(s) | Time(s) | Gets | Reqs | Bytes | Reqs | Bytes |
================================================================================================
| 4.72 | 2.67 | 1.84 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 15594 | 3904 | 312MB | 795 | 192MB |
================================================================================================
SQL Plan Monitoring Details (Plan Hash Value=564701026)
========================================================================================================================================================================================================
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Cost | Time | Start | Execs | Rows | Read | Read | Write | Write | Mem | Temp | Activity | Activity Detail |
| | | | (Estim) | | Active(s) | Active | | (Actual) | Reqs | Bytes | Reqs | Bytes | (Max) | (Max) | (%) | (# samples) |
========================================================================================================================================================================================================
| 0 | CREATE INDEX STATEMENT | | | | 2 | +4 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
| 1 | INDEX BUILD NON UNIQUE | MYTABLE_IDX_MYCOLUMN | | | 2 | +4 | 1 | 1 | | | | | | | 25.00 | Cpu (1) |
| 2 | SORT CREATE INDEX | | 100K | | 4 | +2 | 1 | 10M | 3656 | 192MB | 795 | 192MB | 75M | 202M | 75.00 | Cpu (2) |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | direct path write temp (1) |
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | MYTABLE | 100K | 46 | 1 | +4 | 1 | 10M | 248 | 120MB | | | | | | |
========================================================================================================================================================================================================
我希望您会看到一些“奇怪”的事件。可能是某种表锁定,因为其他进程正在锁定该表。
如果它只是一个巨大的表格并且需要花费数小时来阅读它,那么并行性可能会有所帮助。这是使其工作的最简单方法。调整并行度可能很困难,但如果你很幸运并且一切都配置合理,那么只需添加关键字 parallel 就可以了。
--Create index in parallel.
create index myTable_idx_myColumn on myTable(myColumn) parallel nologging;
--Reset it to NOPARALLEL after it's done.
alter index myTable_idx_myColumn noparallel;