使用 JSON.NET 将 json 字符串递归反序列化为字典和列表的一种方法是创建一个自定义 json 转换器类，该类派生自 JSON.NET 提供的 JsonConverter 抽象类。
它在您的派生JsonConverter 中，您可以在其中放置对象应如何写入和从 json 写入的实现。
您可以像这样使用您的自定义JsonConverter：
var o = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<IDictionary<string, object>>(json, new DictionaryConverter());
这是我过去成功使用的自定义 JsonConverter，以实现与您在问题中概述的相同目标：
public class DictionaryConverter : JsonConverter {
public override void WriteJson(JsonWriter writer, object value, JsonSerializer serializer) { this.WriteValue(writer, value); }
private void WriteValue(JsonWriter writer, object value) {
var t = JToken.FromObject(value);
switch (t.Type) {
case JTokenType.Object:
this.WriteObject(writer, value);
break;
case JTokenType.Array:
this.WriteArray(writer, value);
break;
default:
writer.WriteValue(value);
break;
}
}
private void WriteObject(JsonWriter writer, object value) {
writer.WriteStartObject();
var obj = value as IDictionary<string, object>;
foreach (var kvp in obj) {
writer.WritePropertyName(kvp.Key);
this.WriteValue(writer, kvp.Value);
}
writer.WriteEndObject();
}
private void WriteArray(JsonWriter writer, object value) {
writer.WriteStartArray();
var array = value as IEnumerable<object>;
foreach (var o in array) {
this.WriteValue(writer, o);
}
writer.WriteEndArray();
}
public override object ReadJson(JsonReader reader, Type objectType, object existingValue, JsonSerializer serializer) {
return ReadValue(reader);
}
private object ReadValue(JsonReader reader) {
while (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.Comment) {
if (!reader.Read()) throw new JsonSerializationException("Unexpected Token when converting IDictionary<string, object>");
}
switch (reader.TokenType) {
case JsonToken.StartObject:
return ReadObject(reader);
case JsonToken.StartArray:
return this.ReadArray(reader);
case JsonToken.Integer:
case JsonToken.Float:
case JsonToken.String:
case JsonToken.Boolean:
case JsonToken.Undefined:
case JsonToken.Null:
case JsonToken.Date:
case JsonToken.Bytes:
return reader.Value;
default:
throw new JsonSerializationException
(string.Format("Unexpected token when converting IDictionary<string, object>: {0}", reader.TokenType));
}
}
private object ReadArray(JsonReader reader) {
IList<object> list = new List<object>();
while (reader.Read()) {
switch (reader.TokenType) {
case JsonToken.Comment:
break;
default:
var v = ReadValue(reader);
list.Add(v);
break;
case JsonToken.EndArray:
return list;
}
}
throw new JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when reading IDictionary<string, object>");
}
private object ReadObject(JsonReader reader) {
var obj = new Dictionary<string, object>();
while (reader.Read()) {
switch (reader.TokenType) {
case JsonToken.PropertyName:
var propertyName = reader.Value.ToString();
if (!reader.Read()) {
throw new JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when reading IDictionary<string, object>");
}
var v = ReadValue(reader);
obj[propertyName] = v;
break;
case JsonToken.Comment:
break;
case JsonToken.EndObject:
return obj;
}
}
throw new JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when reading IDictionary<string, object>");
}
public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType) { return typeof(IDictionary<string, object>).IsAssignableFrom(objectType); }
}
这是f#中的等价物：
type IDictionaryConverter() =
inherit JsonConverter()
let rec writeValue (writer: JsonWriter) (value: obj) =
let t = JToken.FromObject(value)
match t.Type with
| JTokenType.Object -> writeObject writer value
| JTokenType.Array -> writeArray writer value
| _ -> writer.WriteValue value
and writeObject (writer: JsonWriter) (value: obj) =
writer.WriteStartObject ()
let obj = value :?> IDictionary<string, obj>
for kvp in obj do
writer.WritePropertyName kvp.Key
writeValue writer kvp.Value
writer.WriteEndObject ()
and writeArray (writer: JsonWriter) (value: obj) =
writer.WriteStartArray ()
let array = value :?> IEnumerable<obj>
for o in array do
writeValue writer o
writer.WriteEndArray ()
let rec readValue (reader: JsonReader) =
while reader.TokenType = JsonToken.Comment do
if reader.Read () |> not then raise (JsonSerializationException("Unexpected token when reading object"))
match reader.TokenType with
| JsonToken.Integer
| JsonToken.Float
| JsonToken.String
| JsonToken.Boolean
| JsonToken.Undefined
| JsonToken.Null
| JsonToken.Date
| JsonToken.Bytes -> reader.Value
| JsonToken.StartObject -> readObject reader Map.empty
| JsonToken.StartArray -> readArray reader []
| _ -> raise (JsonSerializationException(sprintf "Unexpected token when reading object: %O" reader.TokenType))
and readObject (reader: JsonReader) (obj: Map<string, obj>) =
match reader.Read() with
| false -> raise (JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when reading object"))
| _ -> reader.TokenType |> function
| JsonToken.Comment -> readObject reader obj
| JsonToken.PropertyName ->
let propertyName = reader.Value.ToString ()
if reader.Read() |> not then raise (JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when reading object"))
let value = readValue reader
readObject reader (obj.Add(propertyName, value))
| JsonToken.EndObject -> box obj
| _ -> raise (JsonSerializationException(sprintf "Unexpected token when reading object: %O" reader.TokenType))
and readArray (reader: JsonReader) (collection: obj list) =
match reader.Read() with
| false -> raise (JsonSerializationException("Unexpected end when reading array"))
| _ -> reader.TokenType |> function
| JsonToken.Comment -> readArray reader collection
| JsonToken.EndArray -> box collection
| _ -> collection @ [readValue reader] |> readArray reader
override __.CanConvert t = (typeof<IDictionary<string, obj>>).IsAssignableFrom t
override __.WriteJson (writer:JsonWriter, value: obj, _:JsonSerializer) = writeValue writer value
override __.ReadJson (reader:JsonReader, _: Type, _:obj, _:JsonSerializer) = readValue reader