我认为您混淆了迁移中应该包含的内容和模型中应该包含的内容(我的意思不是贬义,所以请不要这样认为)。
我已经为你准备了一个 Rails 5 项目来展示我认为你想要实现的目标:
总之,我相信您希望将装货站和卸货站存储在一个表中,但将它们作为订单属性单独引用。换句话说,您正在寻找单表继承。
这是我快速构建的:
# app/models/order.rb
class Order < ApplicationRecord
belongs_to :loading_station, optional: true
belongs_to :unloading_station, optional: true
end
# app/models/station.rb
class Station < ApplicationRecord
end
# app/models/loading_station.rb
class LoadingStation < Station
has_many :orders
end
# app/models/unloading_station.rb
class UnloadingStation < Station
has_many :orders
end
如您所见,LoadingStation 和 UnloadingStation 模型继承了 Station 模型。 Station 模型在数据库中获取一个表。
# db/migrate/20170826085833_create_orders.rb
class CreateStations < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
create_table :stations do |t|
t.string :comp_name1
t.string :street
t.string :street_num
t.string :zip_code
t.string :city
t.string :type, null: false
t.timestamps
end
end
end
类型列定义为:string,并保存子类模型的类名,LoadingStation 或UnloadingStation。
orders 表迁移如下所示:
# db/migrate/20170826085833_create_orders.rb
class CreateOrders < ActiveRecord::Migration[5.1]
def change
create_table :orders do |t|
t.belongs_to :loading_station, null: true, index: true
t.belongs_to :unloading_station, null: true, index: true
t.string :status
end
end
end
如您所见,它引用了LoadingStation.id 和UnloadingStation.id。我不确定这些属性是否是强制性的,所以我在列定义中将它们设置为null: false,在Order 模型中将它们设置为optional: true。
为了测试它是否有效,我在数据库种子中创建了一个 LoadingStation、一个 UnloadingStation 和一个 Order:
# db/seeds.rb
loading_station_1 = LoadingStation.create!(
comp_name1: "Loading Station 1",
street: "Park Ave",
street_num: "300",
zip_code: 10001,
city: "NY"
)
unloading_station_4 = UnloadingStation.create!(
comp_name1: "Unloading Station 4",
street: "Madison Ave",
street_num: "204",
zip_code: 10001,
city: "NY"
)
Order.create!(
loading_station: loading_station_1,
unloading_station: unloading_station_4,
status: "delivered"
)
要测试这一切,只需创建数据库、运行迁移并执行种子:
rails db:create
rails db:migrate
rails db:seed
要实时测试结果,请打开rails console:
irb(main):001:0> pp Station.all
Station Load (0.3ms) SELECT "stations".* FROM "stations"
[#<LoadingStation:0x007fcb8ac39440
id: 1,
comp_name1: "Loading Station 1",
street: "Park Ave",
street_num: "300",
zip_code: "10001",
city: "NY",
type: "LoadingStation",
created_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00,
updated_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00>,
#<UnloadingStation:0x007fcb8ac39288
id: 2,
comp_name1: "Unloading Station 4",
street: "Madison Ave",
street_num: "204",
zip_code: "10001",
city: "NY",
type: "UnloadingStation",
created_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00,
updated_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00>]
irb(main):002:0> pp Order.all
Order Load (0.2ms) SELECT "orders".* FROM "orders"
[#<Order:0x007fcb8bca2700
id: 1,
loading_station_id: 1,
unloading_station_id: 2,
status: "delivered">]
irb(main):003:0> order = Order.first
Order Load (0.2ms) SELECT "orders".* FROM "orders" ORDER BY "orders"."id" ASC LIMIT ? [["LIMIT", 1]]
=> #<Order id: 1, loading_station_id: 1, unloading_station_id: 2, status: "delivered">
irb(main):004:0> pp order.loading_station
LoadingStation Load (0.2ms) SELECT "stations".* FROM "stations" WHERE "stations"."type" IN ('LoadingStation') AND "stations"."id" = ? LIMIT ? [["id", 1], ["LIMIT", 1]]
#<LoadingStation:0x007fcb8c0e4390
id: 1,
comp_name1: "Loading Station 1",
street: "Park Ave",
street_num: "300",
zip_code: "10001",
city: "NY",
type: "LoadingStation",
created_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00,
updated_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00>
irb(main):005:0> pp order.unloading_station
UnloadingStation Load (0.3ms) SELECT "stations".* FROM "stations" WHERE "stations"."type" IN ('UnloadingStation') AND "stations"."id" = ? LIMIT ? [["id", 2], ["LIMIT", 1]]
#<UnloadingStation:0x007fcb8a36a378
id: 2,
comp_name1: "Unloading Station 4",
street: "Madison Ave",
street_num: "204",
zip_code: "10001",
city: "NY",
type: "UnloadingStation",
created_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00,
updated_at: Sat, 26 Aug 2017 09:06:53 UTC +00:00>
irb(main):006:0> pp order.status
"delivered"
我希望这对你有帮助。我已将代码签入github,您可以通过https://github.com/JurgenJocubeit/SO-41796815访问。