LoadError: 无法加载此类文件 -- rspec/core/rake_task

Question

当我 rake 时，我得到了这个错误。

AllenLins-MacBook-Pro:geoblacklight allenlin$ rake -t
Resolving dependencies...
You must `gem install bundler` and `bundle install` to run rake tasks
rake aborted!
LoadError: cannot load such file -- rspec/core/rake_task
/Users/allenlin/Documents/USpatial/geoblacklight/Rakefile:12:in `require'
/Users/allenlin/Documents/USpatial/geoblacklight/Rakefile:12:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:689:in `raw_load_rakefile'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:94:in `block in load_rakefile'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:93:in `load_rakefile'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:77:in `block in run'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rake/application.rb:75:in `run'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rake-10.4.2/bin/rake:33:in `<top (required)>'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/rake:23:in `load'
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/rake:23:in `<main>'

但是，我已经运行了 'gem install bundler' 和 'bundle install' rspec/core/rake_task 实际存在，如

所示

AllenLins-MacBook-Pro:geoblacklight allenlin$ gem which rspec/core/rake_task
/Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rspec-core-3.0.4/lib/rspec/core/rake_task.rb

我在这里迷路了。非常感谢您对此的任何帮助！我附上了 Gemfile：

source 'https://rubygems.org'

# Specify your gem's dependencies in geoblacklight.gemspec
gemspec

# If we don't specify 2.11.0 we'll end up with sprockets 2.12.0 in the main
# Gemfile.lock but since sass-rails gets generated (rails new) into the test app
# it'll want sprockets 2.11.0 and we'll have a conflict
gem 'sprockets', '2.11.0'

# If we don't specify 3.2.15 we'll end up with sass 3.3.2 in the main
# Gemfile.lock but since sass-rails gets generated (rails new) into the test app
# it'll want sass 3.2.0 and we'll have a conflict
gem 'sass', '~> 3.2.0'
gem 'bootstrap-sass', ">= 3.2"

group :test do
  # Peg simplecov to < 0.8 until this is resolved:
  # https://github.com/colszowka/simplecov/issues/281
  gem 'simplecov', '~> 0.7.1', require: false
  gem 'coveralls', require: false
end

更新

如果有帮助，请添加我的 gem 环境

RubyGems Environment:
  - RUBYGEMS VERSION: 2.4.5
  - RUBY VERSION: 2.2.2 (2015-04-13 patchlevel 95) [x86_64-darwin14]
  - INSTALLATION DIRECTORY: /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0
  - RUBY EXECUTABLE: /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin/ruby
  - EXECUTABLE DIRECTORY: /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin
  - SPEC CACHE DIRECTORY: /Users/allenlin/.gem/specs
  - SYSTEM CONFIGURATION DIRECTORY: /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/etc
  - RUBYGEMS PLATFORMS:
    - ruby
    - x86_64-darwin-14
  - GEM PATHS:
     - /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0
     - /Users/allenlin/.gem/ruby/2.2.0
  - GEM CONFIGURATION:
     - :update_sources => true
     - :verbose => true
     - :backtrace => false
     - :bulk_threshold => 1000
  - REMOTE SOURCES:
     - https://rubygems.org/
  - SHELL PATH:
     - /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/bin
     - /usr/local/Cellar/rbenv/0.4.0/libexec
     - /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/shims
     - /Applications/Postgres.app/Contents/Versions/9.3/bin
     - /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/bin
     - /Users/allenlin/Library/Enthought/Canopy_64bit/User/bin
     - /Users/allenlin/.rbenv/versions/2.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/bundler-1.9.6/bin
     - /Users/allenlin/gradle-1.12/bin
     - /usr/local/bin
     - /Users/allenlin/apache-maven/apache-maven-3.1.1/bin
     - /usr/local/bin
     - /usr/bin
     - /bin
     - /usr/sbin
     - /sbin
     - /opt/X11/bin
     - /usr/local/git/bin
     - /usr/texbin

Answer 1

之前运行后：sudo gem install bundler

我创建了一个 Gemfile：

gem 'rake'
gem 'rspec'
gem 'kramdown'

并且做了bundle install。现在我没有得到错误。

Answer 2

我遇到了这个问题，因为在我的 gem 文件中我没有指定 rspec 的版本并且它得到了旧版本。 我更新了我的 gem 文件：

gem 'rspec', '3.8.0'

它成功了！

Answer 3

似乎运行bundle exec rake -t 会起作用。每个 bundler.io http://bundler.io/man/bundle-exec.1.html 我建议添加 bundle exec 以确保我们使用当前上下文中指定的 Gem。另请参阅此 SO 帖子。 What does bundle exec rake mean?

Answer 4

在生产环境中

发生的情况是，capistrano 被配置为仅在 production 组中安装 gem 包（如在 Gemfile 中）。所以它运行像bundle install --without development test这样的捆绑命令。

要验证吗？

在生产环境的项目目录中运行bundle install命令，你会看到如下

Using devise 4.2.0
Using activeadmin 1.0.0.pre4
Using responsive_active_admin 0.0.5
Bundle complete! 60 Gemfile dependencies, 133 gems now installed.
Gems in the groups development and test were not installed.
Bundled gems are installed into /path/to/your/app/production/shared/bundle.

请注意（开发和测试组中的 Gems 未安装。）。

您可能还记得您已指定rspec-rails gem 仅安装在development 模式下。

---

解决方案

尝试指定RAILS_ENVlike

# For Rails 5.0 +
RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rails -T

# or 

RAILS_ENV=production bundle exec rake -T

# but this may not work
bundle exec rake -T RAILS_ENV=production

Answer 5

假设您的 Gemfile 中确实有 rspec，如果您收到此错误，则意味着您没有使用应用程序所需的适当 gem 运行 rake（使用应用程序根目录中的 bundle exec rake 来解决），或者您的 rspec 核心 gem 尚未安装。

如果在运行bundle install 之后，在运行bundle exec rake 时仍然遇到同样的错误，请检查您是否实际安装了“测试模式”gem。这发生在我身上。

就我而言，我没有安装我的测试 gem，因为 Bundler 通过记住传递给 --without 选项 as noted here 的先前参数表现出非常规的行为，所以你可能认为你正在安装所有的 gem你运行bundle install，但你实际上可能也在运行（例如......）--without development test，但并不知道。

检查“未安装开发和测试组中的 Gems”之类的内容。在bundle install 输出的末尾。

要重置您的捆绑选项，只需删除您的./.bundle 目录（所以...rm -r ./.bundle）。现在bundle install 将恢复正常，rake 应该可以工作了。