【问题标题】:Merge Multiple PDF's into one PDF将多个 PDF 合并为一个 PDF
【发布时间】:2013-03-03 02:03:21
【问题描述】:

我的代码有一些问题。我正在尝试遍历包含许多 PDF 的 Drive 文件夹,然后将它们合并到一个文件中。当我使用我的代码时,它只是为 Drive 文件夹中的最后一个 PDF 创建一个 PDF,而不是按预期将它们合并在一起。

function MergeFiles(){
  var folder = DocsList.getFolderById('myFolderID'); 
  var files = folder.getFiles(); 
  var blobs = [];    
  for( var i in files )   
    blobs.push(files[i].getBlob().getBytes());
  Logger.log(blobs.push(files[i].getBlob().getBytes()));
  var myPDF = Utilities.newBlob(blobs.pop(), "application/pdf", "newPDF.pdf");
  folder.createFile(myPDF);
}

【问题讨论】:

  • Issue 699,一个用于“拆分和合并 pdf 页面”的 Google 应用程序脚本 API 请求,已于 2011 年 7 月开放。
  • 有趣...可能目前做不到。???
  • 你见过this app 不是一个脚本而是一个不错的驱动工具:-)

标签: pdf google-apps-script export-to-pdf pdf-manipulation


【解决方案1】:

因此,这不仅仅是简单地组合每个文件中的数据。每个文件的实际可用数据与标记和其他代码(类似于 HTML 和其他文档格式)“打包”。您实际上必须解码每个 PDF 文件,组合必要的部分,然后使用新的“包装”重新编码。这需要了解 PDF 规范和结构的工作知识,可从 Adob​​e here 免费获得。

我使用这些信息编写了一个足以满足我需要的脚本。然而,它并没有考虑到所有可能性,因此特别是合并任何需要 PDF-1.4 及更高版本的文档,这将需要相当多的工作。

/**
 * Merges all given PDF files into one.
 *
 * @param {Folder} directory the folder to store the output file
 * @param {string} name the desired name of the output file
 * @param {File} pdf1 the first PDF file
 * @param {File} pdf2 the second PDF file
 * @param {File} opt_pdf3 [optional] the third PDF file; add as many more as you like
 *
 * @return {File} the merged file
 */
function mergePdfs(directory, name, pdf1, pdf2, opt_pdf3) {

  if (name.slice(-4) != '.pdf') {

    name = name + '.pdf';

  }
  var newObjects = ['1 0 obj\r\n<</Type/Catalog/Pages 2 0 R >>\r\nendobj'];
  var pageAddresses = [];
  for (var argumentIndex = 2; argumentIndex < arguments.length; argumentIndex++) {

    var bytes = arguments[argumentIndex].getBlob().getBytes();
    var xrefByteOffset = '';
    var byteIndex = bytes.length - 1;
    while (!/\sstartxref\s/.test(xrefByteOffset)) {

      xrefByteOffset = String.fromCharCode(bytes[byteIndex]) + xrefByteOffset;
      byteIndex--;

    }
    xrefByteOffset = +(/\s\d+\s/.exec(xrefByteOffset)[0]);
    var objectByteOffsets = [];
    var trailerDictionary = '';
    var rootAddress = '';
    do {

      var xrefTable = '';
      var trailerEndByteOffset = byteIndex;
      byteIndex = xrefByteOffset;
      for (byteIndex; byteIndex <= trailerEndByteOffset; byteIndex++) {

        xrefTable = xrefTable + String.fromCharCode(bytes[byteIndex]);

      }
      xrefTable = xrefTable.split(/\s*trailer\s*/);
      trailerDictionary = xrefTable[1];
      if (objectByteOffsets.length < 1) {

        rootAddress = /\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(/\/Root\s*\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(trailerDictionary)[0])[0].replace('R', 'obj');

      }
      xrefTable = xrefTable[0].split('\n');
      xrefTable.shift();
      while (xrefTable.length > 0) {

        var xrefSectionHeader = xrefTable.shift().split(/\s+/);
        var objectNumber = +xrefSectionHeader[0];
        var numberObjects = +xrefSectionHeader[1];
        for (var entryIndex = 0; entryIndex < numberObjects; entryIndex++) {

          var entry = xrefTable.shift().split(/\s+/);
          objectByteOffsets.push([[objectNumber, +entry[1], 'obj'], +entry[0]]);
          objectNumber++;

        }

      }
      if (/\s*\/Prev/.test(trailerDictionary)) {

        xrefByteOffset = +(/\s*\d+\s/.exec(/\s*\/Prev\s*\d+\s/.exec(trailerDictionary)[0])[0]);

      }

    } while (/\s*\/Prev/.test(trailerDictionary));
    var rootObject = getObject(rootAddress, objectByteOffsets, bytes);
    var pagesAddress = /\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(/\/Pages\s*\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(rootObject)[0])[0].replace('R', 'obj');
    var pagesObject = getObject(pagesAddress, objectByteOffsets, bytes);
    var objects = getDependencies(pagesObject, objectByteOffsets, bytes);
    var newObjectsInsertionIndex = newObjects.length;
    for (var objectIndex = 0; objectIndex < objects.length; objectIndex++) {

      var newObjectAddress = [(newObjects.length + 3) + '', 0 + '', 'obj'];
      if (!Array.isArray(objects[objectIndex])) {

        objects[objectIndex] = [objects[objectIndex]];

      }
      objects[objectIndex].unshift(newObjectAddress);
      var objectAddress = objects[objectIndex][1].match(/\d+\s+\d+\s+obj/)[0].split(/\s+/);
      objects[objectIndex].splice(1, 0, objectAddress);
      if (/\/Type\s*\/Page[^s]/.test(objects[objectIndex][2])) {

        objects[objectIndex][2] = objects[objectIndex][2].replace(/\/Parent\s*\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(objects[objectIndex][2])[0], '/Parent 2 0 R');
        pageAddresses.push(newObjectAddress.join(' ').replace('obj', 'R'));

      }
      var addressRegExp = new RegExp(objectAddress[0] + '\\s+' + objectAddress[1] + '\\s+' + 'obj');
      objects[objectIndex][2] = objects[objectIndex][2].replace(addressRegExp.exec(objects[objectIndex][2])[0], newObjectAddress.join(' '));
      newObjects.push(objects[objectIndex]);

    }
    for (var referencingObjectIndex = newObjectsInsertionIndex; referencingObjectIndex < newObjects.length; referencingObjectIndex++) {

      var references = newObjects[referencingObjectIndex][2].match(/\d+\s+\d+\s+R/g);
      if (references != null) {

        var string = newObjects[referencingObjectIndex][2];
        var referenceIndices = [];
        var currentIndex = 0;
        for (var referenceIndex = 0; referenceIndex < references.length; referenceIndex++) {

          referenceIndices.push([]);
          referenceIndices[referenceIndex].push(string.slice(currentIndex).indexOf(references[referenceIndex]) + currentIndex);
          referenceIndices[referenceIndex].push(references[referenceIndex].length);
          currentIndex += string.slice(currentIndex).indexOf(references[referenceIndex]);

        }
        for (var referenceIndex = 0; referenceIndex < references.length; referenceIndex++) {

          var objectAddress = references[referenceIndex].replace('R', 'obj').split(/\s+/);
          for (var objectIndex = newObjectsInsertionIndex; objectIndex < newObjects.length; objectIndex++) {

            if (arrayEquals(objectAddress, newObjects[objectIndex][1])) {

              var length = string.length;
              newObjects[referencingObjectIndex][2] = string.slice(0, referenceIndices[referenceIndex][0]) + newObjects[objectIndex][0].join(' ').replace('obj', 'R') +
                string.slice(referenceIndices[referenceIndex][0] + referenceIndices[referenceIndex][1]);
              string = newObjects[referencingObjectIndex][2];
              var newLength = string.length;
              if (!(length == newLength)) {

                for (var subsequentReferenceIndex = referenceIndex + 1; subsequentReferenceIndex < references.length; subsequentReferenceIndex++) {

                  referenceIndices[subsequentReferenceIndex][0] += (newLength - length);

                }

              }
              break;

            }

          }

        }

      }

    }
    for (var objectIndex = newObjectsInsertionIndex; objectIndex < newObjects.length; objectIndex++) {

      if (Array.isArray(newObjects[objectIndex])) {

        if (newObjects[objectIndex][3] != undefined) {

          newObjects[objectIndex] = newObjects[objectIndex].slice(2);

        } else {

          newObjects[objectIndex] = newObjects[objectIndex][2];

        }

      }

    }

  }
  newObjects.splice(1, 0, '2 0 obj\r\n<</Type/Pages/Count ' + pageAddresses.length + ' /Kids [' + pageAddresses.join(' ') + ' ]>>\r\nendobj');
  newObjects.splice(2, 0, '3 0 obj\r\n<</Title (' + name + ') /CreationDate (D' +
       Utilities.formatDate(new Date(), CalendarApp.getDefaultCalendar().getTimeZone(), 'yyyyMMddHHmmssZ').slice(0, -2) + "'00) /ModDate (D" + Utilities.formatDate(new Date(),
       CalendarApp.getDefaultCalendar().getTimeZone(), 'yyyyMMddHHmmssZ').slice(0, -2) + "'00)>>\r\nendobj");
  var byteOffsets = [0];
  var bytes = [];
  var header = '%PDF-1.3\r\n';
  for (var headerIndex = 0; headerIndex < header.length; headerIndex++) {

    bytes.push(header.charCodeAt(headerIndex));

  }
  bytes.push('%'.charCodeAt(0));
  for (var characterCode = -127; characterCode < -123; characterCode++) {

    bytes.push(characterCode);

  }
  bytes.push('\r'.charCodeAt(0));
  bytes.push('\n'.charCodeAt(0));
  while (newObjects.length > 0) {

    byteOffsets.push(bytes.length);
    var object = newObjects.shift();
    if (Array.isArray(object)) {

      var streamKeyword = /stream\s*\n/.exec(object[0])[0];
      if (streamKeyword.indexOf('\n\n') > streamKeyword.length - 3) {

        streamKeyword = streamKeyword.slice(0, -1);

      } else if (streamKeyword.indexOf('\r\n\r\n') > streamKeyword.length - 5) {

        streamKeyword = streamKeyword.slice(0, -2);

      }
      var streamIndex = object[0].indexOf(streamKeyword) + streamKeyword.length;
      for (var objectIndex = 0; objectIndex < streamIndex; objectIndex++) {

        bytes.push(object[0].charCodeAt(objectIndex))

      }
      bytes = bytes.concat(object[1]);
      for (var objectIndex = streamIndex; objectIndex < object[0].length; objectIndex++) {

        bytes.push(object[0].charCodeAt(objectIndex));

      }

    } else {

      for (var objectIndex = 0; objectIndex < object.length; objectIndex++) {

        bytes.push(object.charCodeAt(objectIndex));

      }

    }
    bytes.push('\r'.charCodeAt(0));
    bytes.push('\n'.charCodeAt(0));

  }
  var xrefByteOffset = bytes.length;
  var xrefHeader = 'xref\r\n';
  for (var xrefHeaderIndex = 0; xrefHeaderIndex < xrefHeader.length; xrefHeaderIndex++) {

    bytes.push(xrefHeader.charCodeAt(xrefHeaderIndex));

  }
  var xrefSectionHeader = '0 ' + byteOffsets.length + '\r\n';
  for (var xrefSectionHeaderIndex = 0; xrefSectionHeaderIndex < xrefSectionHeader.length; xrefSectionHeaderIndex++) {

    bytes.push(xrefSectionHeader.charCodeAt(xrefSectionHeaderIndex));

  }
  for (var byteOffsetIndex = 0; byteOffsetIndex < byteOffsets.length; byteOffsetIndex++) {

    for (var byteOffsetStringIndex = 0; byteOffsetStringIndex < 10; byteOffsetStringIndex++) {

      bytes.push(Utilities.formatString('%010d', byteOffsets[byteOffsetIndex]).charCodeAt(byteOffsetStringIndex));

    }
    bytes.push(' '.charCodeAt(0));
    if (byteOffsetIndex == 0) {

      for (var generationStringIndex = 0; generationStringIndex < 5; generationStringIndex++) {

        bytes.push('65535'.charCodeAt(generationStringIndex));

      }
      for (var keywordIndex = 0; keywordIndex < 2; keywordIndex++) {

        bytes.push(' f'.charCodeAt(keywordIndex));

      }

    } else {

      for (var generationStringIndex = 0; generationStringIndex < 5; generationStringIndex++) {

        bytes.push('0'.charCodeAt(0));

      }
      for (var keywordIndex = 0; keywordIndex < 2; keywordIndex++) {

        bytes.push(' n'.charCodeAt(keywordIndex));

      }

    }
    bytes.push('\r'.charCodeAt(0));
    bytes.push('\n'.charCodeAt(0));

  }
  for (var trailerHeaderIndex = 0; trailerHeaderIndex < 9; trailerHeaderIndex++) {

    bytes.push('trailer\r\n'.charCodeAt(trailerHeaderIndex));

  }
  var idBytes = Utilities.computeDigest(Utilities.DigestAlgorithm.MD5, (new Date).toString());
  var id = '';
  for (var idByteIndex = 0; idByteIndex < idBytes.length; idByteIndex++) {

    id = id + ('0' + (idBytes[idByteIndex] & 0xFF).toString(16)).slice(-2);

  }
  var trailer = '<</Size ' + (byteOffsets.length) + ' /Root 1 0 R /Info 2 0 R /ID [<' + id + '> <' + id + '>]>>\r\nstartxref\r\n' + xrefByteOffset + '\r\n%%EOF';
  for (var trailerIndex = 0; trailerIndex < trailer.length; trailerIndex++) {

    bytes.push(trailer.charCodeAt(trailerIndex));

  }
  return directory.createFile(Utilities.newBlob(bytes, 'application/pdf', name));
  function getObject(objectAddress, objectByteOffsets, bytes) {

    objectAddress = objectAddress.split(/\s+/);
    for (var addressIndex = 0; addressIndex < 2; addressIndex++) {

      objectAddress[addressIndex] = +objectAddress[addressIndex];

    }
    var object = [];
    var byteIndex = 0;
    for each (var offset in objectByteOffsets) {

      if (arrayEquals(objectAddress, offset[0])) {

        byteIndex = offset[1];
        break;

      }

    }
    object.push('');
    while (object[0].indexOf('endobj') <= -1) {

      if (/stream\s*\n/.test(object[0])) {

        var streamLength;
        var lengthFinder = object[0].slice(object[0].indexOf(/\/Length/.exec(object[0])[0]));
        if (/\/Length\s*\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.test(lengthFinder)) {

          var lengthObjectAddress = /\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(/\/Length\s*\d+\s+\d+\s+R/.exec(lengthFinder)[0])[0].split(/\s+/);
          lengthObjectAddress[2] = 'obj';
          for (var addressIndex = 0; addressIndex < 2; addressIndex++) {

            lengthObjectAddress[addressIndex] = +lengthObjectAddress[addressIndex];

          }
          var lengthObject = ''
          var lengthByteIndex = 0;
          for each (var offset in objectByteOffsets) {

            if (arrayEquals(lengthObjectAddress, offset[0])) {

              lengthByteIndex = offset[1];
              break;

            }

          }
          while (lengthObject.indexOf('endobj') <= -1) {

            lengthObject = lengthObject + String.fromCharCode(bytes[lengthByteIndex]);
            lengthByteIndex++;

          }
          streamLength = +(lengthObject.match(/obj\s*\n\s*\d+\s*\n\s*endobj/)[0].match(/\d+/)[0]);

        } else {

          streamLength = +(/\d+/.exec(lengthFinder)[0]);

        }
        var streamBytes = bytes.slice(byteIndex, byteIndex + streamLength);
        object.push(streamBytes);
        byteIndex += streamLength;
        while (object[0].indexOf('endobj') <= -1) {

          object[0] = object[0] + String.fromCharCode(bytes[byteIndex]);
          byteIndex++;

        }
        return object;

      }
      object[0] = object[0] + String.fromCharCode(bytes[byteIndex]);
      byteIndex++;

    }
    return object[0];

  }
  function arrayEquals(array1, array2) {

    if (array1 == array2) {

      return true;

    }
    if (array1 == null && array2 == null) {

      return true;

    } else if (array1 == null || array2 == null) {

      return false;

    }
    if (array1.length != array2.length) {

      return false;

    }
    for (var index = 0; index < array1.length; index++) {

      if (Array.isArray(array1[index])) {

        if (!arrayEquals(array1[index], array2[index])) {

          return false;

        }
        continue;

      }
      if (array1[index] != array2[index]) {

        return false;

      }

    }
    return true;

  }
  function getDependencies(objectString, objectByteOffsets, bytes) {

    var dependencies = [];
    var references = objectString.match(/\d+\s+\d+\s+R/g);
    if (references != null) {

      while (references.length > 0) {

        if (/\/Parent/.test(objectString.slice(objectString.indexOf(references[0]) - 8, objectString.indexOf(references[0])))) {

          references.shift();
          continue;

        }
        var dependency = getObject(references.shift().replace('R', 'obj'), objectByteOffsets, bytes);
        var dependencyExists = false;
        for each (var entry in dependencies) {

          dependencyExists = (arrayEquals(dependency, entry)) ? true : dependencyExists;

        }
        if (!dependencyExists) {

          dependencies.push(dependency);

        }
        if (Array.isArray(dependency)) {

          dependencies = dependencies.concat(getDependencies(dependency[0], objectByteOffsets, bytes));

        } else {

          dependencies = dependencies.concat(getDependencies(dependency, objectByteOffsets, bytes));

        }

      }

    }
    return dependencies;

  }

}

基本上这里发生的是每个文件都有包含其页面的对象及其内容和资源标识。然后这些对象被重新编号并为新文件使用新的“打包”格式化。

我编写了这段代码用于两个文件,但我想可能需要更多,所以我让代码为此工作。要对原题有效的函数开头,

function(mergePdfs(directory, name, pdf1, pdf2, opt_pdf3) {

  if (name.slice(-4) != '.pdf') {

    name = name + '.pdf';

  }
  var newObjects = ['1 0 obj\r\n<</Type/Catalog/Pages 2 0 R >>r\nendobj'];
  var pageAddresses = [];
  for (var argumentIndex = 2; argumentIndex < arguments.length; argumentIndex++) {

    var bytes = arguments[argumentIndex].getBlob().getBytes();

应该替换为

function mergePdfs(directory, name) {

  if (name.slice(-4) != '.pdf') {

    name = name + '.pdf';

  }
  var newObjects = ['1 0 obj\r\n<</Type/Catalog/Pages 2 0 R >>\r\nendobj'];
  var pageAddresses = [];
  var files = directory.getFiles();
  for (var fileIndex = 0; fileIndex < files.length; fileIndex++) {

    var bytes = files[fileIndex].getBlob().getBytes();

【讨论】:

  • 这段代码对我给出的所有测试都有效。我还有一种拆分pdf的方法。你可以看到这个以及我对此代码所做的任何更新here。我已将其公开,因为我认为没有用于此的 API 是一种讽刺。
  • 非常感谢。维伦丹克。非常感谢。这正是我一直在寻找的。在我的测试运行中完美运行。这个 pdf 的东西对我来说是一个全新的丛林。为了我自己,将打印出来并阅读以尝试遵循。最初注意到一个奇怪的地方?在第 362 行附近有一个返回命令,没有关闭 },然后是一个新函数?你知道一些我不知道的关于用 ) 结束 js 函数的事情吗?没有打印出来很难弄清楚那里发生了什么,但通过了集合和工作。你能给出任何方向的指示吗?再次,非常感谢。
  • [更正] 这是我正在查看的版本中的第 303 行,就在函数 getObject) 之前。完全同意你的讽刺。
  • 该功能还没有结束。开始下一行的函数是函数的一部分。导入此代码的脚本可以使用的嵌套函数限制。在这种情况下,没有安全问题;当我调用这些函数之一时,我根本不希望额外的函数在编辑器中显示为选项。希望这是有道理的。
  • 我现在可以确认“for each”循环与 V8 不兼容。我已经更新了我的个人代码,所以链接版本现在应该可以使用了。
【解决方案2】:

我也遇到了同样的问题,我暂时使用 RestFul API 来合并 PDF:https://www.convertapi.com/pdf-to-merge

function merge() {
  var folder = DriveApp.getFolderById('<ID FOLDER>'); // folder with files pdf
  var files = folder.getFiles(); // get all files pdf
  
  var formData = {};
  var index = 0;
  while(files.hasNext()) {
    var file = files.next();
    formData['Files[' + index + ']'] = file.getBlob();
    index++;
  }
  
  var options = {
    'method' : 'post',
    'payload' : formData,
    'muteHttpExceptions': true
  };
 
  var response = UrlFetchApp.fetch('https://v2.convertapi.com/pdf/to/merge?Secret=<YOUR SECRET>', options);
  
  if(response.getResponseCode() == 200) {
    var contentText = JSON.parse(response.getContentText());
    var blob = Utilities.base64Decode(contentText.Files[0].FileData);
    folder.createFile(Utilities.newBlob(blob, 'application/pdf', 'merge.pdf'));
  }
}

【讨论】:

    【解决方案3】:

    多页 pdf 绝对不是多个 pdf 文件内容的简单串联......我怀疑你可以用这种方法得到任何结果,即使我承认它看起来很诱人......

    我也一直在寻找类似的东西,但直到现在都没有成功。

    【讨论】:

    • 那么你能想出什么来吗?我不知道如何连接 blob 数组。
    【解决方案4】:

    .getBytes() 方法为每个文件返回一个二进制数组,因此您创建的是一个数组数组,其中包含:

    blobs.push(files[i].getBlob().getBytes());
    

    相反,我会将循环中当前项的数组与随着每次循环迭代而增长的累加器数组连接起来。然后,退出循环后,累加器数组的内容可以传入.newBlob().setBytes()

    【讨论】:

    • 我没有想出一种连接 blob 数组的方法。任何其他想法/代码 sn-ps?
    【解决方案5】:

    您的代码的行为与您编写的代码完全相同。 blobs 是一个数组,当您执行 blobs.pop() 时,您将获得数组中的最后一项(这是您的最后一个 PDF)。

    您应该做的是连接 blob,而不是在数组中,而是在单个 blob 对象中。 但是,我不确定如何在 GAS 中做到这一点

    【讨论】:

      【解决方案6】:

      这是连接 blob 的代码,但就像 Serge 提到的那样,它实际上不起作用,并且 PDF 出现损坏。

      function MergeFiles(){
      var folder = DocsList.getFolderById('myFolderID'); 
      var files = folder.getFiles(); 
      
      var blobs = "";    
      for( var i in files )   
      blobs=blobs+(files[i].getBlob().getBytes());
      Logger.log(blobs);
      var myPDF = Utilities.newBlob(blobs, "application/pdf", "newPDF.pdf");
      folder.createFile(myPDF);
      
          }
      

      【讨论】:

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