链表显示分段错误错误

Question

我对 C 和指针还很陌生。

以下代码用于实现一个链表，其中每个节点都包含一个记录数据。

但是，当我编译并运行该程序时，它显示错误“分段错误”，我猜我的代码中的以下部分会出错。
head->next = NULL 在 list.c 中的函数
我怀疑由于取消引用空指针而发生分段错误错误，但不知道我的代码有什么问题。

列表.h

#ifndef LIST_H
#define LIST_H
#include <stddef.h>
#include "record.h"

typedef struct node node;

struct node {         
  record  data;           
  node   *next;             
};

typedef node *record_list;  /* a record list is represented by its "head"
                               pointer */

void list_init(record_list *plist);

int list_insert(record_list *plist, const record *prec);

void list_clear(record_list *plist);

void list_print(const record_list *plist);
#endif

io.h

#ifndef IO_H
#define IO_H
#include "record.h"

void print_record(const record *p);

int read_record(record *p);

/* reads a string from stdin */
int get_word(const char prompt[], char word[]);

/* reads an int from stdin */
int get_int(const char prompt[], int *p);
#endif

记录.h

#ifndef RECORD_H
#define RECORD_H

#define IDSIZE    10
#define NAMESIZE  20

typedef struct {          
  char   last[NAMESIZE];   
  char   first[NAMESIZE];  
} name;

typedef struct {   
  char  id[IDSIZE]; 
  name  name;      
  int   score;  
} record;
#endif

list.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "record.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "io.h"

/* initializes a record list (specified via plist) to an empty list */
void list_init(record_list *plist) {
  node *head;
  head = *plist;
  head = NULL;
  head->next = NULL;
  printf("%s", "segmentation???\n");
}

/*
 * inserts a record (specified via prec) into a record list
 */
int list_insert(record_list *plist, const record *prec) {
  node *current, *temp;
  printf("%s", "list insert\n");
  current = *plist;
  while (current->next != NULL) {
    current = current->next;
  }
  temp = (node *)malloc(sizeof(node));
  if (temp == NULL) {
    fprintf(stderr, "memory allocate failed");
    return 0;
  }
  current->next = temp;
  current->next->data = *prec;
  current->next->next = NULL;

  printf("%s", "list insert done\n");
  return 1;
}

/*
 * deallocates all dynamic memory associated with a record list (specified
 * via plist) & resets the record list to an empty list
 */
void list_clear(record_list *plist) {
  printf("%s", "list clear\n");
  free((*plist)->next);
  plist = NULL;
  (*plist)->next = NULL;
}

/* prints all records in a record list (specified via plist) */
void list_print(const record_list *plist) {
  node *current;
  current = *plist;
  printf("%s", "list print\n");
  while (current->next != NULL) {
    print_record(&(current->data));
    current = current->next;
  }
}

io.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include "record.h"
#include "io.h"
#define LINESIZE 1024

/*
 * prints a record (specified via p);
 */
void print_record(const record *p) {
  printf("%d %s %s %s\n", p->score, p->name.last, p->name.first, p->id);
}

/*
 * reads a record from stadard input & stores it via p;
 */
int read_record(record *p) {
  return (
        get_word("Enter id: ", p->id)
    &&  get_word("Enter last name: ", p->name.last)
    &&  get_word("Enter first name: ", p->name.first)
    &&  get_int("Enter score: ", &(p->score))
  );
}

/* reads a string from stdin */
int get_word(const char prompt[], char word[]){
  char line[LINESIZE];
  char temp[LINESIZE];
  while (1) {
    printf("%s", prompt);
    if(!fgets(line, LINESIZE, stdin)){
      clearerr(stdin);
      return 0;
    }
    if (sscanf(line, "%s", temp) == 1){
      strcpy(word, temp);
      return 1;
    }
  }
}

/* reads an int from stdin */
int get_int(const char prompt[], int *p) {
  char line[LINESIZE];
  while (1) {
    printf("%s", prompt);
    if (!fgets(line, LINESIZE, stdin)) {
      clearerr(stdin);
      return 0;
    }
    if (sscanf(line, "%d", p) == 1) {
      return 1;
    } else {
      printf("%s", "Error: The input is not given in integer.\n");
    }
  }
}

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include "record.h"
#include "list.h"
#include "io.h"


int main(void) {
  record_list  list;
  record       r;

  printf("address of list: %ld\n", &list);
  printf("address of list: %ld\n", &(list->next));
  list_init(&list);

  while (read_record(&r)) {
    printf("%s\n", "read success");
    if (!list_insert(&list, &r))
      break;
  }

  list_print(&list);
  return 0;
}

Answer 1

如果您的目标是创建一个空列表并且 plist 是指向列表头部的指针，您必须使用 *plist = NULL; 将 plist 指向的变量设置为 NULL ，您可以摆脱代码导致分段错误

好的，我想我找到了下一个错误：

current = *plist;
while (current->next != NULL) {
    current = current->next;
}

会导致错误，因为你第一次调用 list_insert 你有 *plist 等于 NULL 因为列表是空的，所以 current->next != NULL 会导致错误（current 也等于 NULL）

我建议如下：

printf("%s", "list insert\n");

if (*plist == NULL) {
    temp = (node * )malloc(sizeof(node));
    if (temp == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "memory allocate failed");
        return 0;
    }
    plist = temp;
    (*plist) ->data = *prec;
    (*plist) ->next = NULL;
    return 1;
}

current = *plist;
while (current->next != NULL) {
    current = current->next;
}

其余代码原样，我为 *pilist 等于 NULL 的情况添加了一个 if，在这种情况下 temp 将指向第一个元素并且必须分配给 plist