【问题标题】:How to generate keyboard events?如何生成键盘事件?
【发布时间】:2025-11-23 09:35:01
【问题描述】:

简短摘要:

我正在尝试创建一个程序,它将键盘事件发送到计算机,出于所有目的,模拟事件应被视为键盘上的实际击键。

原帖:

我正在寻找一种使用 python 生成键盘事件的方法。

假设函数接收到一个必须模拟按下的键,如下所示:

keyboardevent('a') #lower case 'a'
keyboardevent('B') #upper case 'B'
keyboardevent('->') # right arrow key

def keyboardevent(key):
    #code that simulated 'key' being pressed on keyboard

以上显然是示例,但我正在寻找的是可以用来模拟键盘事件的库、模块或其他任何东西。

note:这不同于将字符发送到记事本,或将文本输入字段等。我想让python脚本模拟一个实际的键盘事件,电脑会认为真的有键盘事件。

补充说明:

我不想将击键发送到活动窗口 - 我希望系统相信键盘的按键被按下,细微的差别,因为某些活动窗口不接受某些组合键,或者如果我想通过我的脚本为后台进程使用键盘快捷键,它们不需要通过活动窗口

到目前为止,我已经看过这些东西:

Generate keyboard events for the frontmost application

How to generate keyboard keypress events through Python?

这都是关于苹果的,根本没有帮助。

还有这个:

Which is the easiest way to simulate keyboard and mouse on Python?

这似乎是我需要的,但我找不到它的库或任何文档。

我也搜索了更多的地方,但还没有找到解决方案。

【问题讨论】:

  • 我只知道SendKeys,它仅适用于Windows。这似乎是一个没有跨平台解决方案的问题。你为什么需要这个?你在解决什么问题?
  • 对于X 平台有xdotool,但默认情况下通常不安装。我相信阅读 X 的文档应该不难用 C 语言编写一个满足您要求的最小模块(我相信不久前就有一个 xsendkeys 程序)。
  • @StevenRumbalski 谢谢,这看起来很有希望,但我想补充一下,我会编辑我的问题。我不想将击键发送到活动窗口 - 我希望系统相信正在按下键盘键,细微的区别,因为某些活动窗口不接受某些组合键,或者如果我想对后台进程使用键盘快捷键通过我的脚本,他们不需要通过活动窗口。
  • 必须是纯python吗?它必须是跨平台的吗?
  • @zenpoy 现在,它不需要跨平台,只要它可以在 windows XP 和 7 上运行,至少.. 至于 python。代码将用python编写。如果模块/库/包/dll可以有效地从python接口,那没关系。理想情况下,它应该是纯 python,并且是跨平台的。

标签: python keyboard-events


【解决方案1】:

可以使用 ctypes 来完成:

import ctypes
from ctypes import wintypes
import time

user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32', use_last_error=True)

INPUT_MOUSE    = 0
INPUT_KEYBOARD = 1
INPUT_HARDWARE = 2

KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x0001
KEYEVENTF_KEYUP       = 0x0002
KEYEVENTF_UNICODE     = 0x0004
KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE    = 0x0008

MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC = 0

# msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd375731
VK_TAB  = 0x09
VK_MENU = 0x12

# C struct definitions

wintypes.ULONG_PTR = wintypes.WPARAM

class MOUSEINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("dx",          wintypes.LONG),
                ("dy",          wintypes.LONG),
                ("mouseData",   wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwFlags",     wintypes.DWORD),
                ("time",        wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.ULONG_PTR))

class KEYBDINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("wVk",         wintypes.WORD),
                ("wScan",       wintypes.WORD),
                ("dwFlags",     wintypes.DWORD),
                ("time",        wintypes.DWORD),
                ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.ULONG_PTR))

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
        super(KEYBDINPUT, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)
        # some programs use the scan code even if KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE
        # isn't set in dwFflags, so attempt to map the correct code.
        if not self.dwFlags & KEYEVENTF_UNICODE:
            self.wScan = user32.MapVirtualKeyExW(self.wVk,
                                                 MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, 0)

class HARDWAREINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    _fields_ = (("uMsg",    wintypes.DWORD),
                ("wParamL", wintypes.WORD),
                ("wParamH", wintypes.WORD))

class INPUT(ctypes.Structure):
    class _INPUT(ctypes.Union):
        _fields_ = (("ki", KEYBDINPUT),
                    ("mi", MOUSEINPUT),
                    ("hi", HARDWAREINPUT))
    _anonymous_ = ("_input",)
    _fields_ = (("type",   wintypes.DWORD),
                ("_input", _INPUT))

LPINPUT = ctypes.POINTER(INPUT)

def _check_count(result, func, args):
    if result == 0:
        raise ctypes.WinError(ctypes.get_last_error())
    return args

user32.SendInput.errcheck = _check_count
user32.SendInput.argtypes = (wintypes.UINT, # nInputs
                             LPINPUT,       # pInputs
                             ctypes.c_int)  # cbSize

# Functions

def PressKey(hexKeyCode):
    x = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
              ki=KEYBDINPUT(wVk=hexKeyCode))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(x), ctypes.sizeof(x))

def ReleaseKey(hexKeyCode):
    x = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
              ki=KEYBDINPUT(wVk=hexKeyCode,
                            dwFlags=KEYEVENTF_KEYUP))
    user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(x), ctypes.sizeof(x))

def AltTab():
    """Press Alt+Tab and hold Alt key for 2 seconds
    in order to see the overlay.
    """
    PressKey(VK_MENU)   # Alt
    PressKey(VK_TAB)    # Tab
    ReleaseKey(VK_TAB)  # Tab~
    time.sleep(2)
    ReleaseKey(VK_MENU) # Alt~

if __name__ == "__main__":
    AltTab()

hexKeyCode 是由 Windows API 定义的虚拟键盘映射。代码列表可在 MSDN 上找到:Virtual-Key Codes (Windows)

【讨论】:

  • 到目前为止我很喜欢这个想法。我找不到 VK_Key 的列表,您能否提供一个示例函数调用。
  • 我添加了一个简单的方法方法来点击alt-tab。
  • 下一个时间点复制问题而不是复制答案:*.com/questions/13289777/…
  • 看起来这是特定于 Windows 的。 linux的替代方式是什么?
  • 有一个库:'keyboard'。
【解决方案2】:

对于 python3 和 python2 你可以使用pyautogui (pip install pyautogui)

from pyautogui import press, typewrite, hotkey

press('a')
typewrite('quick brown fox')
hotkey('ctrl', 'w')

它还可以与 Windows、OSX 和 Ubuntu LTS 跨平台。

【讨论】:

  • press 也适用于媒体密钥。我用它通过press('volumemute')使我的电脑静音
  • 这可行,但它比接受的答案慢。 (对于我的应用程序来说太慢了,需要非常低的延迟。)
  • 这个pyautogui包是跨平台的,适用于mac和windows
  • 它没有发送 unicode 字符。 (kubuntu 20, python 3.9)
  • 是的,您的系统 python 设置为使用 python2,与您的系统 pip 相同。这与此模块完全无关,我建议查找有关使用 pip 的教程。基本上你应该只使用 pip3。
【解决方案3】:

user648852 的想法至少对我来说适用于 OS X,这是执行此操作的代码:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import time
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent
from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventPost

# Python releases things automatically, using CFRelease will result in a scary error
#from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CFRelease

from Quartz.CoreGraphics import kCGHIDEventTap

# From http://*.com/questions/281133/controlling-the-mouse-from-python-in-os-x
# and from https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Carbon/Reference/QuartzEventServicesRef/index.html#//apple_ref/c/func/CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent


def KeyDown(k):
    keyCode, shiftKey = toKeyCode(k)

    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

def KeyUp(k):
    keyCode, shiftKey = toKeyCode(k)

    time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

def KeyPress(k):
    keyCode, shiftKey = toKeyCode(k)

    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
        time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

    CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
    time.sleep(0.0001)

    if shiftKey:
        CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
        time.sleep(0.0001)



# From http://*.com/questions/3202629/where-can-i-find-a-list-of-mac-virtual-key-codes

def toKeyCode(c):
    shiftKey = False
    # Letter
    if c.isalpha():
        if not c.islower():
            shiftKey = True
            c = c.lower()

    if c in shiftChars:
        shiftKey = True
        c = shiftChars[c]
    if c in keyCodeMap:
        keyCode = keyCodeMap[c]
    else:
        keyCode = ord(c)
    return keyCode, shiftKey

shiftChars = {
    '~': '`',
    '!': '1',
    '@': '2',
    '#': '3',
    '$': '4',
    '%': '5',
    '^': '6',
    '&': '7',
    '*': '8',
    '(': '9',
    ')': '0',
    '_': '-',
    '+': '=',
    '{': '[',
    '}': ']',
    '|': '\\',
    ':': ';',
    '"': '\'',
    '<': ',',
    '>': '.',
    '?': '/'
}


keyCodeMap = {
    'a'                 : 0x00,
    's'                 : 0x01,
    'd'                 : 0x02,
    'f'                 : 0x03,
    'h'                 : 0x04,
    'g'                 : 0x05,
    'z'                 : 0x06,
    'x'                 : 0x07,
    'c'                 : 0x08,
    'v'                 : 0x09,
    'b'                 : 0x0B,
    'q'                 : 0x0C,
    'w'                 : 0x0D,
    'e'                 : 0x0E,
    'r'                 : 0x0F,
    'y'                 : 0x10,
    't'                 : 0x11,
    '1'                 : 0x12,
    '2'                 : 0x13,
    '3'                 : 0x14,
    '4'                 : 0x15,
    '6'                 : 0x16,
    '5'                 : 0x17,
    '='                 : 0x18,
    '9'                 : 0x19,
    '7'                 : 0x1A,
    '-'                 : 0x1B,
    '8'                 : 0x1C,
    '0'                 : 0x1D,
    ']'                 : 0x1E,
    'o'                 : 0x1F,
    'u'                 : 0x20,
    '['                 : 0x21,
    'i'                 : 0x22,
    'p'                 : 0x23,
    'l'                 : 0x25,
    'j'                 : 0x26,
    '\''                : 0x27,
    'k'                 : 0x28,
    ';'                 : 0x29,
    '\\'                : 0x2A,
    ','                 : 0x2B,
    '/'                 : 0x2C,
    'n'                 : 0x2D,
    'm'                 : 0x2E,
    '.'                 : 0x2F,
    '`'                 : 0x32,
    'k.'                : 0x41,
    'k*'                : 0x43,
    'k+'                : 0x45,
    'kclear'            : 0x47,
    'k/'                : 0x4B,
    'k\n'               : 0x4C,
    'k-'                : 0x4E,
    'k='                : 0x51,
    'k0'                : 0x52,
    'k1'                : 0x53,
    'k2'                : 0x54,
    'k3'                : 0x55,
    'k4'                : 0x56,
    'k5'                : 0x57,
    'k6'                : 0x58,
    'k7'                : 0x59,
    'k8'                : 0x5B,
    'k9'                : 0x5C,

    # keycodes for keys that are independent of keyboard layout
    '\n'                : 0x24,
    '\t'                : 0x30,
    ' '                 : 0x31,
    'del'               : 0x33,
    'delete'            : 0x33,
    'esc'               : 0x35,
    'escape'            : 0x35,
    'cmd'               : 0x37,
    'command'           : 0x37,
    'shift'             : 0x38,
    'caps lock'         : 0x39,
    'option'            : 0x3A,
    'ctrl'              : 0x3B,
    'control'           : 0x3B,
    'right shift'       : 0x3C,
    'rshift'            : 0x3C,
    'right option'      : 0x3D,
    'roption'           : 0x3D,
    'right control'     : 0x3E,
    'rcontrol'          : 0x3E,
    'fun'               : 0x3F,
    'function'          : 0x3F,
    'f17'               : 0x40,
    'volume up'         : 0x48,
    'volume down'       : 0x49,
    'mute'              : 0x4A,
    'f18'               : 0x4F,
    'f19'               : 0x50,
    'f20'               : 0x5A,
    'f5'                : 0x60,
    'f6'                : 0x61,
    'f7'                : 0x62,
    'f3'                : 0x63,
    'f8'                : 0x64,
    'f9'                : 0x65,
    'f11'               : 0x67,
    'f13'               : 0x69,
    'f16'               : 0x6A,
    'f14'               : 0x6B,
    'f10'               : 0x6D,
    'f12'               : 0x6F,
    'f15'               : 0x71,
    'help'              : 0x72,
    'home'              : 0x73,
    'pgup'              : 0x74,
    'page up'           : 0x74,
    'forward delete'    : 0x75,
    'f4'                : 0x76,
    'end'               : 0x77,
    'f2'                : 0x78,
    'page down'         : 0x79,
    'pgdn'              : 0x79,
    'f1'                : 0x7A,
    'left'              : 0x7B,
    'right'             : 0x7C,
    'down'              : 0x7D,
    'up'                : 0x7E
}

【讨论】:

  • 根据我的阅读,这里使用的键码似乎映射到物理键,而不是虚拟键;物理性基于当前的键盘布局。因此,如果您使用不同的布局(例如 DVORAK),对于在两种布局中位置不同的任何键,此方法将不会继续以相同的方式工作(将为物理键上碰巧出现的任何符号注册键向下/向上在新布局中,而不是旧布局中的内容)。就我而言,切换到使用 OSAscript 以编程方式发送关键事件并没有同样的缺点。
【解决方案4】:

我尝试了 lib keyboard,它在 Windows、Mac 和 Linux 上运行良好。下面的行帮助我在浏览器中切换标签:

keyboard.press_and_release('ctrl+tab')
    

【讨论】:

  • 在 MAC 上也能很好地工作。我没有测试过 linux,但它应该可以工作。
  • @DavoudTaghawi-Nejad 是的。它也适用于 linux(在 python 3 中测试)。
  • 也适用于 Raspberry Pi!我正在使用钢琴的左侧和中间踏板在我弹奏的乐谱中“向左”或“向右”移动!
【解决方案5】:

我遇到了同样的问题,并为它制作了自己的使用 ctypes 的库:

"""
< --- CTRL by [object Object] --- >
Only works on windows.
Some characters only work with a US standard keyboard.
Some parts may also only work in python 32-bit.
"""

#--- Setup ---#
from ctypes import *
from time import sleep
user32 = windll.user32
kernel32 = windll.kernel32
delay = 0.01

####################################
###---KEYBOARD CONTROL SECTION---###
####################################

#--- Key Code Variables ---#
class key:
        cancel = 0x03
        backspace = 0x08
        tab = 0x09
        enter = 0x0D
        shift = 0x10
        ctrl = 0x11
        alt = 0x12
        capslock = 0x14
        esc = 0x1B
        space = 0x20
        pgup = 0x21
        pgdown = 0x22
        end = 0x23
        home = 0x24
        leftarrow = 0x26
        uparrow = 0x26
        rightarrow = 0x27
        downarrow = 0x28
        select = 0x29
        print = 0x2A
        execute = 0x2B
        printscreen = 0x2C
        insert = 0x2D
        delete = 0x2E
        help = 0x2F
        num0 = 0x30
        num1 = 0x31
        num2 = 0x32
        num3 = 0x33
        num4 = 0x34
        num5 = 0x35
        num6 = 0x36
        num7 = 0x37
        num8 = 0x38
        num9 = 0x39
        a = 0x41
        b = 0x42
        c = 0x43
        d = 0x44
        e = 0x45
        f = 0x46
        g = 0x47
        h = 0x48
        i = 0x49
        j = 0x4A
        k = 0x4B
        l = 0x4C
        m = 0x4D
        n = 0x4E
        o = 0x4F
        p = 0x50
        q = 0x51
        r = 0x52
        s = 0x53
        t = 0x54
        u = 0x55
        v = 0x56
        w = 0x57
        x = 0x58
        y = 0x59
        z = 0x5A
        leftwin = 0x5B
        rightwin = 0x5C
        apps = 0x5D
        sleep = 0x5F
        numpad0 = 0x60
        numpad1 = 0x61
        numpad3 = 0x63
        numpad4 = 0x64
        numpad5 = 0x65
        numpad6 = 0x66
        numpad7 = 0x67
        numpad8 = 0x68
        numpad9 = 0x69
        multiply = 0x6A
        add = 0x6B
        seperator = 0x6C
        subtract = 0x6D
        decimal = 0x6E
        divide = 0x6F
        F1 = 0x70
        F2 = 0x71
        F3 = 0x72
        F4 = 0x73
        F5 = 0x74
        F6 = 0x75
        F7 = 0x76
        F8 = 0x77
        F9 = 0x78
        F10 = 0x79
        F11 = 0x7A
        F12 = 0x7B
        F13 = 0x7C
        F14 = 0x7D
        F15 = 0x7E
        F16 = 0x7F
        F17 = 0x80
        F19 = 0x82
        F20 = 0x83
        F21 = 0x84
        F22 = 0x85
        F23 = 0x86
        F24 = 0x87
        numlock = 0x90
        scrolllock = 0x91
        leftshift = 0xA0
        rightshift = 0xA1
        leftctrl = 0xA2
        rightctrl = 0xA3
        leftmenu = 0xA4
        rightmenu = 0xA5
        browserback = 0xA6
        browserforward = 0xA7
        browserrefresh = 0xA8
        browserstop = 0xA9
        browserfavories = 0xAB
        browserhome = 0xAC
        volumemute = 0xAD
        volumedown = 0xAE
        volumeup = 0xAF
        nexttrack = 0xB0
        prevoustrack = 0xB1
        stopmedia = 0xB2
        playpause = 0xB3
        launchmail = 0xB4
        selectmedia = 0xB5
        launchapp1 = 0xB6
        launchapp2 = 0xB7
        semicolon = 0xBA
        equals = 0xBB
        comma = 0xBC
        dash = 0xBD
        period = 0xBE
        slash = 0xBF
        accent = 0xC0
        openingsquarebracket = 0xDB
        backslash = 0xDC
        closingsquarebracket = 0xDD
        quote = 0xDE
        play = 0xFA
        zoom = 0xFB
        PA1 = 0xFD
        clear = 0xFE

#--- Keyboard Control Functions ---#

# Category variables
letters = "qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmQWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM"
shiftsymbols = "~!@#$%^&*()_+QWERTYUIOP{}|ASDFGHJKL:\"ZXCVBNM<>?"

# Presses and releases the key
def press(key):
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 2, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Holds a key
def hold(key):
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Releases a key
def release(key):
        user32.keybd_event(key, 0, 2, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Types out a string
def typestr(sentence):
        for letter in sentence:
                shift = letter in shiftsymbols
                fixedletter = "space"
                if letter == "`" or letter == "~":
                        fixedletter = "accent"
                elif letter == "1" or letter == "!":
                        fixedletter = "num1"
                elif letter == "2" or letter == "@":
                        fixedletter = "num2"
                elif letter == "3" or letter == "#":
                        fixedletter = "num3"
                elif letter == "4" or letter == "$":
                        fixedletter = "num4"
                elif letter == "5" or letter == "%":
                        fixedletter = "num5"
                elif letter == "6" or letter == "^":
                        fixedletter = "num6"
                elif letter == "7" or letter == "&":
                        fixedletter = "num7"
                elif letter == "8" or letter == "*":
                        fixedletter = "num8"
                elif letter == "9" or letter == "(":
                        fixedletter = "num9"
                elif letter == "0" or letter == ")":
                        fixedletter = "num0"
                elif letter == "-" or letter == "_":
                        fixedletter = "dash"
                elif letter == "=" or letter == "+":
                        fixedletter = "equals"
                elif letter in letters:
                        fixedletter = letter.lower()
                elif letter == "[" or letter == "{":
                        fixedletter = "openingsquarebracket"
                elif letter == "]" or letter == "}":
                        fixedletter = "closingsquarebracket"
                elif letter == "\\" or letter == "|":
                        fixedletter == "backslash"
                elif letter == ";" or letter == ":":
                        fixedletter = "semicolon"
                elif letter == "'" or letter == "\"":
                        fixedletter = "quote"
                elif letter == "," or letter == "<":
                        fixedletter = "comma"
                elif letter == "." or letter == ">":
                        fixedletter = "period"
                elif letter == "/" or letter == "?":
                        fixedletter = "slash"
                elif letter == "\n":
                        fixedletter = "enter"
                keytopress = eval("key." + str(fixedletter))
                if shift:
                        hold(key.shift)
                        press(keytopress)
                        release(key.shift)
                else:
                        press(keytopress)

#--- Mouse Variables ---#
                        
class mouse:
        left = [0x0002, 0x0004]
        right = [0x0008, 0x00010]
        middle = [0x00020, 0x00040]

#--- Mouse Control Functions ---#

# Moves mouse to a position
def move(x, y):
        user32.SetCursorPos(x, y)

# Presses and releases mouse
def click(button):
        user32.mouse_event(button[0], 0, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)
        user32.mouse_event(button[1], 0, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Holds a mouse button
def holdclick(button):
        user32.mouse_event(button[0], 0, 0, 0, 0)
        sleep(delay)

# Releases a mouse button
def releaseclick(button):
        user32.mouse_event(button[1])
        sleep(delay)

【讨论】:

    【解决方案6】:

    macOS

    这里是更完整的@Phylliida answer 形式的代码示例:

    #!/usr/bin/python
    # Script simulating keyboard events in macOS.
    # See: https://*.com/q/13564851/55075
    
    import sys
    import time
    from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent
    from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CGEventPost
    from Quartz.CoreGraphics import kCGHIDEventTap
    #from Quartz.CoreGraphics import CFRelease # Python releases things automatically.
    
    class Keyboard():
        shiftChars = {
            '~': '`',
            '!': '1',
            '@': '2',
            '#': '3',
            '$': '4',
            '%': '5',
            '^': '6',
            '&': '7',
            '*': '8',
            '(': '9',
            ')': '0',
            '_': '-',
            '+': '=',
            '{': '[',
            '}': ']',
            '|': '\\',
            ':': ';',
            '"': '\'',
            '<': ',',
            '>': '.',
            '?': '/'
        }
    
    
        keyCodeMap = {
            'a'              : 0x00,
            's'              : 0x01,
            'd'              : 0x02,
            'f'              : 0x03,
            'h'              : 0x04,
            'g'              : 0x05,
            'z'              : 0x06,
            'x'              : 0x07,
            'c'              : 0x08,
            'v'              : 0x09,
            'b'              : 0x0B,
            'q'              : 0x0C,
            'w'              : 0x0D,
            'e'              : 0x0E,
            'r'              : 0x0F,
            'y'              : 0x10,
            't'              : 0x11,
            '1'              : 0x12,
            '2'              : 0x13,
            '3'              : 0x14,
            '4'              : 0x15,
            '6'              : 0x16,
            '5'              : 0x17,
            '='              : 0x18,
            '9'              : 0x19,
            '7'              : 0x1A,
            '-'              : 0x1B,
            '8'              : 0x1C,
            '0'              : 0x1D,
            ']'              : 0x1E,
            'o'              : 0x1F,
            'u'              : 0x20,
            '['              : 0x21,
            'i'              : 0x22,
            'p'              : 0x23,
            'l'              : 0x25,
            'j'              : 0x26,
            '\''             : 0x27,
            'k'              : 0x28,
            ';'              : 0x29,
            '\\'             : 0x2A,
            ','              : 0x2B,
            '/'              : 0x2C,
            'n'              : 0x2D,
            'm'              : 0x2E,
            '.'              : 0x2F,
            '`'              : 0x32,
            'k.'             : 0x41,
            'k*'             : 0x43,
            'k+'             : 0x45,
            'kclear'         : 0x47,
            'k/'             : 0x4B,
            'k\n'            : 0x4C,
            'k-'             : 0x4E,
            'k='             : 0x51,
            'k0'             : 0x52,
            'k1'             : 0x53,
            'k2'             : 0x54,
            'k3'             : 0x55,
            'k4'             : 0x56,
            'k5'             : 0x57,
            'k6'             : 0x58,
            'k7'             : 0x59,
            'k8'             : 0x5B,
            'k9'             : 0x5C,
    
            # keycodes for keys that are independent of keyboard layout
            '\n'             : 0x24,
            '\t'             : 0x30,
            ' '              : 0x31,
            'del'            : 0x33,
            'delete'         : 0x33,
            'esc'            : 0x35,
            'escape'         : 0x35,
            'cmd'            : 0x37,
            'command'        : 0x37,
            'shift'          : 0x38,
            'caps lock'      : 0x39,
            'option'         : 0x3A,
            'ctrl'           : 0x3B,
            'control'        : 0x3B,
            'right shift'    : 0x3C,
            'rshift'         : 0x3C,
            'right option'   : 0x3D,
            'roption'        : 0x3D,
            'right control'  : 0x3E,
            'rcontrol'       : 0x3E,
            'fun'            : 0x3F,
            'function'       : 0x3F,
            'f17'            : 0x40,
            'volume up'      : 0x48,
            'volume down'    : 0x49,
            'mute'           : 0x4A,
            'f18'            : 0x4F,
            'f19'            : 0x50,
            'f20'            : 0x5A,
            'f5'             : 0x60,
            'f6'             : 0x61,
            'f7'             : 0x62,
            'f3'             : 0x63,
            'f8'             : 0x64,
            'f9'             : 0x65,
            'f11'            : 0x67,
            'f13'            : 0x69,
            'f16'            : 0x6A,
            'f14'            : 0x6B,
            'f10'            : 0x6D,
            'f12'            : 0x6F,
            'f15'            : 0x71,
            'help'           : 0x72,
            'home'           : 0x73,
            'pgup'           : 0x74,
            'page up'        : 0x74,
            'forward delete' : 0x75,
            'f4'             : 0x76,
            'end'            : 0x77,
            'f2'             : 0x78,
            'page down'      : 0x79,
            'pgdn'           : 0x79,
            'f1'             : 0x7A,
            'left'           : 0x7B,
            'right'          : 0x7C,
            'down'           : 0x7D,
            'up'             : 0x7E
        }
    
        # See: https://*.com/q/3202629/55075
        def toKeyCode(self, c):
            shiftKey = False
            # Letter
            if c.isalpha():
                if not c.islower():
                    shiftKey = True
                    c = c.lower()
            if c in Keyboard.shiftChars:
                shiftKey = True
                c = Keyboard.shiftChars[c]
            if c in Keyboard.keyCodeMap:
                keyCode = Keyboard.keyCodeMap[c]
            else:
                keyCode = ord(c)
            return keyCode, shiftKey
    
        def KeyDown(self, k):
            keyCode, shiftKey = self.toKeyCode(k)
    
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            if shiftKey:
                CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
                time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            if shiftKey:
                CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
                time.sleep(0.0001)
    
        def KeyUp(self, k):
            keyCode, shiftKey = self.toKeyCode(k)
    
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
        def KeyPress(self, k):
            keyCode, shiftKey = self.toKeyCode(k)
    
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            if shiftKey:
                CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, True))
                time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, True))
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, keyCode, False))
            time.sleep(0.0001)
    
            if shiftKey:
                CGEventPost(kCGHIDEventTap, CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent(None, 0x38, False))
                time.sleep(0.0001)
    
        def Type(self, text):
            for key in text:
                self.KeyDown(key)
                self.KeyUp(key)
    

    这是使用上述类的演示代码:

    # DEMO
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        keyboard = Keyboard()
        if sys.platform == "darwin":
            keyboard.Type('Hello World!')
        elif sys.platform == "win32":
            print("Error: Platform not supported!")
    

    这将模拟在当前窗口上输入Hello World! 文本。

    您可以将上面的代码作为 shell 脚本运行。检查keyboard.py file的链接。

    【讨论】:

      【解决方案7】:

      每个平台都会有不同的方法来生成键盘事件。这是因为他们每个人都需要使用系统库(和系统扩展)。对于跨平台解决方案,您需要采用这些解决方案中的每一个,然后将其包装到平台检查中以执行正确的方法。

      对于 Windows,您也许可以使用 pywin32 扩展名。 win32api.keybd_event

      win32api.keybd_event

      keybd_event(bVk, bScan, dwFlags, dwExtraInfo)

      模拟键盘事件

      参数

      bVk : BYTE - 虚拟键码
      bScan : BYTE - 硬件扫描码
      dwFlags=0 : DWORD - 指定各种功能选项的标志
      dwExtraInfo=0 : DWORD - 与击键相关的附加数据

      您需要研究 pywin32 以了解如何正确使用它,因为我从未使用过它。

      【讨论】:

        【解决方案8】:

        仅限 Windows:您可以使用Ironpythona library,允许 cPython 访问 Windows 上的 .NET 框架。然后使用 .NET 的sendkeys 类或更通用的send 来模拟击键。

        仅限 OS X:使用PyObjC,然后使用CGEventCreateKeyboardEvent 调用。

        完全披露:我只在 OS X 上使用 Python 完成了此操作,但我使用了 .NET sendkeys(使用 C#)并且效果很好。

        【讨论】:

        • 我使用了 IronPython 的 .Net SendKeys(用于桌面应用的验收测试框架),效果很好。
        • python for .net 。一个解决方案,然后我将如何使用sendkeys。你能举个例子吗?
        【解决方案9】:

        对于 Python2.7(windows32),我只安装了 pywin32-223。 我写了简单的python代码:

        import win32api
        import time
        import win32con
        
        # simulate the pressing-DOWN "ARROW key" of 200 times
        
        for i in range(200):
           time.sleep(0.5)
           win32api.keybd_event(0x28, 0,0,0)
           time.sleep(.05)
           win32api.keybd_event(0x28,0 ,win32con.KEYEVENTF_KEYUP ,0)
        

        如果你运行代码并立即转到记事本窗口(文本已经存在)并将光标放在最上面一行,则可以检查。

        【讨论】:

        • ctypes 中已经存在完全相同的 keybd_event 函数
        • ctypes.windll.user32.keybd_event(0x01, 0, 0, 0)
        【解决方案10】:

        关于推荐答案的代码,

        对于我的机器人,推荐的答案不起作用。这是因为我使用的是 Chrome,这要求我在 dwFlags 中使用 KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE。

        为了让他的代码正常工作,我不得不修改这些代码块:

        class KEYBDINPUT(ctypes.Structure):
            _fields_ = (("wVk",         wintypes.WORD),
                        ("wScan",       wintypes.WORD),
                        ("dwFlags",     wintypes.DWORD),
                        ("time",        wintypes.DWORD),
                        ("dwExtraInfo", wintypes.ULONG_PTR))
        
            def __init__(self, *args, **kwds):
                super(KEYBDINPUT, self).__init__(*args, **kwds)
                # some programs use the scan code even if KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE
                # isn't set in dwFflags, so attempt to map the correct code.
                #if not self.dwFlags & KEYEVENTF_UNICODE:l
                    #self.wScan = user32.MapVirtualKeyExW(self.wVk,
                                                         #MAPVK_VK_TO_VSC, 0)
                    # ^MAKE SURE YOU COMMENT/REMOVE THIS CODE^
        
        def PressKey(keyCode):
            input = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
                      ki=KEYBDINPUT(wScan=keyCode,
                                    dwFlags=KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE))
            user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(input), ctypes.sizeof(input))
        
        def ReleaseKey(keyCode):
            input = INPUT(type=INPUT_KEYBOARD,
                      ki=KEYBDINPUT(wScan=keyCode,
                                    dwFlags=KEYEVENTF_SCANCODE | KEYEVENTF_KEYUP))
            user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(input), ctypes.sizeof(input))
        
        time.sleep(5) # sleep to open browser tab
        PressKey(0x26) # press right arrow key
        time.sleep(2) # hold for 2 seconds
        ReleaseKey(0x26) # release right arrow key
        
        

        我希望这对某人的头痛有所帮助!

        【讨论】:

          【解决方案11】:
              def keyboardevent():
                   keyboard.press_and_release('a')
                   keyboard.press_and_release('shift + b')
                   
              keyboardevent()
          

          【讨论】:

          • 欢迎来到 *。虽然此代码可能会解决问题,但包括解释如何以及为什么解决问题将真正有助于提高您的帖子质量,并可能导致更多的赞成票。请记住,您正在为将来的读者回答问题,而不仅仅是现在提出问题的人。请编辑您的答案以添加解释并说明适用的限制和假设。
          【解决方案12】:
          import ctypes
          user32 = ctypes.WinDLL('user32')
          
          class KBDIN(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = (("wVk", ctypes.c_ushort),("dwFlags", ctypes.c_ulong),("dwExtraInfo", ctypes.c_ulonglong))
          class INPUT(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = (("type", ctypes.c_ulong),("ki", KBDIN),("padding", ctypes.c_ubyte * 8))
          
          def Press(key_code):   user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(INPUT(type=1, ki=KBDIN(wVk=key_code))), 40)
          def Release(key_code): user32.SendInput(1, ctypes.byref(INPUT(type=1, ki=KBDIN(wVk=key_code, dwFlags=2))), 40)
          

          Virtual key codes

          【讨论】:

          • 虽然代码很有用,但也请尽量提供代码的解释。
          最近更新 更多