automake 和项目依赖

Question

我有一个想要使用 automake 构建的项目。项目由不同的组件或模块组成，模块间存在依赖关系，需要按特定顺序构建项目。

例如：

project dir/
  module1 (core C shared lib)
  module2 (C++ shared lib wrapper around module 1)
  module3 (C++ application with dependency on module2)
  module4 (C library with dependency on module1)
  module5 (C application with dependency on module4)

我对 automake 比较陌生，但我（几乎）知道如何使用它来成功构建单个项目。

我想要一个“主”项目文件（如果可能的话），它指定项目模块的构建顺序、运行单元测试并在以下情况下使整个构建过程失败：

• 其中一个模块无法构建
• 其中一个模块未能通过单元测试

我将如何编写这样一个“主项目”文件（或调用任何其他机制）来构建具有大量模块间依赖关系的项目？

Answer 1

如果您使用的是 autotools，那么您不妨使用 automake。顶层Makefile.am可以提供按顺序降序的子目录列表，例如：

SUBDIRS = module1 module2 module3 module4 module5

子目录Makefile.am 可以添加测试目标，使用“make check”调用，必要时强制构建：

check_PROGRAMS = t_module1

t_module1_SOURCES = t_module1.c
t_module1_LDADD = ./libmodule1.la

要学习的东西很多，目前的最佳做法可能很难确定，但如果您使用的是自动工具，您就会习惯这种情况。

编辑：

info automake 提供了参考文档 - 但它是一个糟糕的教程。我遇到的最好的指南之一可以在 here 找到。

Answer 2

我encountered the same issue 发现纯自动工具解决方案很难运行，因为配置脚本例如对于module4，依赖于module1的安装。

针对这种情况的手动生成文件和配置脚本相当容易生成。我已经粘贴在 rapidSTORM 项目 Makefile 下面。它用于树外构建（源目录和构建目录）。

TARGETS=any_iterator libb64 readsif cs_units dStorm-doc simparm andorcamd rapidSTORM plugin-andorsif fitter master

all:

# Project dependencies: Any project whose configure run depends upon other projects has a line here
andorcamd.prerequisites-installed : $(addsuffix .installed-stamp,libb64 simparm cs_units)
rapidSTORM.prerequisites-installed : $(addsuffix .installed-stamp,simparm cs_units libb64 any_iterator)
plugin-andorsif.prerequisites-installed : $(addsuffix .installed-stamp,rapidSTORM readsif)
master.prerequisites-installed fitter.prerequisites-installed : $(addsuffix .installed-stamp,rapidSTORM)

# [Autoconf substitutions snipped here]
# The .options files control configuration of subdirectories. They are used in %.configured-stamp 
vpath %.options $(srcdir)/options:$(builddir)

RULES = all check install installcheck dist distcheck 

# All standard rules have a simple template: Execute them for each
# subdirectory after configuring it and installing all prerequisite
# packages, and re-execute them whenever
# the source files changed. install and distcheck are special and
# treated further below.   
define recursive_rule_template
 $(1) : $(foreach target,$(TARGETS),$(target).$(1)ed-stamp)
endef
define standard_rule_template
 %.$(1)ed-stamp : %.source-change-stamp %.configured-stamp %.prerequisites-installed
    make -j 4 -C $$* $(1) && touch $$@
endef

$(foreach rule,$(RULES),$(eval $(call recursive_rule_template,$(rule))))
$(foreach rule,$(filter-out install distcheck,$(RULES)),$(eval $(call standard_rule_template,$(rule))))

%.installed-stamp : %.alled-stamp 
    make -C $* install && touch $@

# This rule is probably the most complex. It collects option files named after a
# number of options and generates configure flags from them; this rule could be 
# shortened considerably when you don't need project-specific configure/CFLAGS
# configuration.
%.configured-stamp : $(foreach i, all $(host_config) $(tag) $(host_config)-$(tag), global-$i.options) \
    $(foreach i, all $(host_config) $(tag) $(host_config)-$(tag),%-$i.options) | %.prerequisites-installed
    prefix="$(prefix)"; abs_builddir=$(abs_builddir); \
    for i in $(filter %.options,$^); do . ./$$i; done; \
        mkdir -p $* && cd $* \
        && echo "Configuring with $$OPTIONS CPPFLAGS=$$CPPFLAGS CFLAGS=$$CFLAGS CXXFLAGS=$$CXXFLAGS LDFLAGS=$$LDFLAGS PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$$PKG_CONFIG_PATH" INSTALL="$(INSTALL)" \
        && /bin/sh ../$(srcdir)/$*/configure --build=$(build_alias) --host=$(host_alias) --target=$(target_alias) --config-cache $$OPTIONS \
        CPPFLAGS="$$CPPFLAGS" CFLAGS="$$CFLAGS" CXXFLAGS="$$CXXFLAGS" PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$$PKG_CONFIG_PATH" \
        LDFLAGS="$$LDFLAGS" $(if $(CC),CC=$(CC),) $(if $(CXX),CXX=$(CXX),) \
        INSTALL="$(INSTALL)"
    touch $@

# The source change stamp is updated whenever a file in the source directory changes.
# It is used to prevent non-necessary sub-make invocations.
%.source-change-stamp : always-renew
    { test -e $@ && find $(srcdir)/$* -newer $@ -and -not -ipath '*/.svn*' -and -not -path '*/.libs*' | wc -l | grep -q '^0$$'; } \
        || touch $@

%.prerequisites-installed :
    @true

%.distchecked-stamp : %.source-change-stamp %.configured-stamp %.prerequisites-installed
    DISTCHECK_CONFIGURE_FLAGS=`./$*/config.status --config | sed -e "s/'--prefix=[^']*' //"` \
        $(MAKE) -j 4 -C $* distcheck && touch $@

Makefile : $(srcdir)/Makefile.in config.status
    ./config.status $@

installcheck : dejagnu-tests-ran-stamp

dejagnu-tests-ran-stamp : $(foreach target,$(TARGETS),$(target).installed-stamp) testsuite.configured-stamp
    make -C testsuite check
    touch $@

always-renew :
    @true

clean :
    rm -rf *-stamp $(foreach target,$(TARGETS),$(target)/*.la $(target)/config.cache) deploy

realclean : clean
    rm -rf $(TARGETS) 

%.options : 
    touch $@

world : $(foreach target,$(TARGETS),$(foreach rule,$(RULES),$(target).$(rule)ed-stamp))

.PHONY : always-renew
.SECONDARY :
.DELETE_ON_ERROR :