【问题标题】:R: Why am I not getting type or class "factor" after converting columns to factor?R:为什么在将列转换为因子后我没有得到类型或类“因子”?
【发布时间】:2019-01-06 00:18:44
【问题描述】:

我有以下设置。

df <- data.frame(aa = rnorm(1000), bb = rnorm(1000))

apply(df, 2, typeof)
#      aa       bb 
#"double" "double" 

apply(df, 2, class)
#       aa        bb 
#"numeric" "numeric" 

然后我尝试将其中一列转换为“因子”。但正如您在下面看到的,我没有得到任何“因素”类型或类。我做错什么了吗?

df[, 1] <- as.factor(df[, 1])

apply(df, 2, typeof)
#         aa          bb 
#"character" "character" 

apply(df, 2, class)
#         aa          bb 
#"character" "character" 

【问题讨论】:

    标签: r dataframe apply factors r-factor


    【解决方案1】:

    对不起,我觉得我原来的答案写得不好。为什么我在一开始就提出了“因素矩阵”?这是一个更好的尝试。

    来自?apply

     If ‘X’ is not an array but an object of a class with a non-null
     ‘dim’ value (such as a data frame), ‘apply’ attempts to coerce it
     to an array via ‘as.matrix’ if it is two-dimensional (e.g., a data
     frame) or via ‘as.array’.
    

    因此,as.matrix 将数据框转换为矩阵,然后将FUN 按行或按列应用。

    来自?as.matrix

     ‘as.matrix’ is a generic function.  The method for data frames
     will return a character matrix if there is only atomic columns and
     any non-(numeric/logical/complex) column, applying ‘as.vector’ to
     factors and ‘format’ to other non-character columns.  Otherwise,
     the usual coercion hierarchy (logical < integer < double <
     complex) will be used, e.g., all-logical data frames will be
     coerced to a logical matrix, mixed logical-integer will give a
     integer matrix, etc.
    
     The default method for ‘as.matrix’ calls ‘as.vector(x)’, and hence
     e.g. coerces factors to character vectors.
    

    我不是以英语为母语的人,我无法阅读以下内容(这看起来很重要!)。有人可以澄清一下吗?

    如果只有原子列和任何非(数字/逻辑/复杂)列,则数据框的方法将返回字符矩阵,将“as.vector”应用于因子,将“格式”应用于其他非字符列.

    来自?as.vector

     Note that factors are _not_ vectors; ‘is.vector’ returns ‘FALSE’
     and ‘as.vector’ converts a factor to a character vector for ‘mode
     = "any"’.
    

    简单地说,只要你在数据框中有一个因子列,as.matrix 就会给你一个字符矩阵。


    我相信这个带有数据框问题的apply 已经被多次提出,上面只是添加了另一个重复的答案。真对不起。我没有仔细阅读OP的问题。首先让我感到震惊的是,R 无法构建真正的因子矩阵。

    f <- factor(letters[1:4])
    
    matrix(f, 2, 2)
    #     [,1] [,2]
    #[1,] "a"  "c" 
    #[2,] "b"  "d" 
    
    ## a sneaky way to get a matrix of factors by setting `dim` attribute
    dim(f) <- c(2, 2)
    #     [,1] [,2]
    #[1,] a    c   
    #[2,] b    d   
    #Levels: a b c d
    
    is.matrix(f)
    #[1] TRUE
    
    class(f)
    #[1] "factor"  ## not a true matrix with "matrix" class
    

    虽然这很有趣,但它应该与 OP 的问题不太相关。

    再次抱歉在这里弄得一团糟。太惨了!!


    如果我这样做sapply 会有帮助吗?因为我有很多列需​​要转换为因子。

    实际使用lapplysapply 会将结果简化为一个数组,即二维情况下的矩阵。这是一个例子:

    dat <- head(trees)
    sapply(dat, as.factor)
    #     Girth  Height Volume
    #[1,] "8.3"  "70"   "10.3"
    #[2,] "8.6"  "65"   "10.3"
    #[3,] "8.8"  "63"   "10.2"
    #[4,] "10.5" "72"   "16.4"
    #[5,] "10.7" "81"   "18.8"
    #[6,] "10.8" "83"   "19.7"
    
    new_dat <- data.frame(lapply(dat, as.factor))
    str(new_dat)
    #'data.frame':  6 obs. of  3 variables:
    # $ Girth : Factor w/ 6 levels "8.3","8.6","8.8",..: 1 2 3 4 5 6
    # $ Height: Factor w/ 6 levels "63","65","70",..: 3 2 1 4 5 6
    # $ Volume: Factor w/ 5 levels "10.2","10.3",..: 2 2 1 3 4 5
    
    sapply(new_dat, class)
    #   Girth   Height   Volume 
    #"factor" "factor" "factor" 
    
    apply(new_dat, 2, class)
    #      Girth      Height      Volume 
    #"character" "character" "character" 
    

    关于typeof,因子实际上存储为整数。

    sapply(new_dat, typeof)
    #    Girth    Height    Volume 
    #"integer" "integer" "integer" 
    

    当您dput 时,您可以看到这一点。例如:

    dput(new_dat[[1]])
    #structure(1:6, .Label = c("8.3", "8.6", "8.8", "10.5", "10.7", 
    #"10.8"), class = "factor")
    

    实际值为1:6。角色等级只是一个属性。

    【讨论】:

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