这是我在这篇帖子here的回答
它可以通过许多不同的方式完成。我将展示如何通过元类、类装饰器和继承来实现。
通过更改元类
import functools
class Logger(type):
@staticmethod
def _decorator(fun):
@functools.wraps(fun)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print(fun.__name__, args, kwargs)
return fun(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
def __new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs):
for key in attrs.keys():
if callable(attrs[key]):
# if attrs[key] is callable, then we can easily wrap it with decorator
# and substitute in the future attrs
# only for extra clarity (though it is wider type than function)
fun = attrs[key]
attrs[key] = Logger._decorator(fun)
# and then invoke __new__ in type metaclass
return super().__new__(mcs, name, bases, attrs)
class A(metaclass=Logger):
def __init__(self):
self.some_val = "some_val"
def method_first(self, a, b):
print(a, self.some_val)
def another_method(self, c):
print(c)
@staticmethod
def static_method(d):
print(d)
b = A()
# __init__ (<__main__.A object at 0x7f852a52a2b0>,) {}
b.method_first(5, b="Here should be 5")
# method_first (<__main__.A object at 0x7f852a52a2b0>, 5) {'b': 'Here should be 5'}
# 5 some_val
b.method_first(6, b="Here should be 6")
# method_first (<__main__.A object at 0x7f852a52a2b0>, 6) {'b': 'Here should be 6'}
# 6 some_val
b.another_method(7)
# another_method (<__main__.A object at 0x7f852a52a2b0>, 7) {}
# 7
b.static_method(7)
# 7
另外,将展示如何在不改变类元信息的情况下实现它的两种方法(通过类装饰器和类继承)。第一种通过类装饰器 put_decorator_on_all_methods 接受装饰器来包装类的所有成员可调用对象。
def logger(f):
@functools.wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print(f.__name__, args, kwargs)
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
def put_decorator_on_all_methods(decorator, cls=None):
if cls is None:
return lambda cls: put_decorator_on_all_methods(decorator, cls)
class Decoratable(cls):
def __init__(self, *args, **kargs):
super().__init__(*args, **kargs)
def __getattribute__(self, item):
value = object.__getattribute__(self, item)
if callable(value):
return decorator(value)
return value
return Decoratable
@put_decorator_on_all_methods(logger)
class A:
def method(self, a, b):
print(a)
def another_method(self, c):
print(c)
@staticmethod
def static_method(d):
print(d)
b = A()
b.method(5, b="Here should be 5")
# >>> method (5,) {'b': 'Here should be 5'}
# >>> 5
b.method(6, b="Here should be 6")
# >>> method (6,) {'b': 'Here should be 6'}
# >>> 6
b.another_method(7)
# >>> another_method (7,) {}
# >>> 7
b.static_method(8)
# >>> static_method (8,) {}
# >>> 8
而且,最近,我遇到了同样的问题,但我无法将装饰器放在类上或以任何其他方式更改它,除非我被允许添加这样的行为通过继承 仅限(如果您可以随意更改代码库,我不确定这是否是最佳选择)。
这里的类Logger 强制子类的所有可调用成员写入有关其调用的信息,请参见下面的代码。
class Logger:
def _decorator(self, f):
@functools.wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print(f.__name__, args, kwargs)
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
def __getattribute__(self, item):
value = object.__getattribute__(self, item)
if callable(value):
decorator = object.__getattribute__(self, '_decorator')
return decorator(value)
return value
class A(Logger):
def method(self, a, b):
print(a)
def another_method(self, c):
print(c)
@staticmethod
def static_method(d):
print(d)
b = A()
b.method(5, b="Here should be 5")
# >>> method (5,) {'b': 'Here should be 5'}
# >>> 5
b.method(6, b="Here should be 6")
# >>> method (6,) {'b': 'Here should be 6'}
# >>> 6
b.another_method(7)
# >>> another_method (7,) {}
# >>> 7
b.static_method(7)
# >>> static_method (7,) {}
# >>> 7
或者更抽象地说,你可以基于一些装饰器来实例化基类。
def decorator(f):
@functools.wraps(f)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
print(f.__name__, args, kwargs)
return f(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper
class Decoratable:
def __init__(self, dec):
self._decorator = dec
def __getattribute__(self, item):
value = object.__getattribute__(self, item)
if callable(value):
decorator = object.__getattribute__(self, '_decorator')
return decorator(value)
return value
class A(Decoratable):
def __init__(self, dec):
super().__init__(dec)
def method(self, a, b):
print(a)
def another_method(self, c):
print(c)
@staticmethod
def static_method(d):
print(d)
b = A(decorator)
b.method(5, b="Here should be 5")
# >>> method (5,) {'b': 'Here should be 5'}
# >>> 5
b.method(6, b="Here should be 6")
# >>> method (6,) {'b': 'Here should be 6'}
# >>> 6
b.another_method(7)
# >>> another_method (7,) {}
# >>> 7
b.static_method(7)
# >>> static_method (7,) {}
# >>> 7