【发布时间】:2010-09-08 19:21:37
【问题描述】:
是否可以通过匿名管道使用重叠 I/O? CreatePipe() 没有任何指定 FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED 的方法,所以我假设 ReadFile() 会阻塞,即使我提供了一个 OVERLAPPED 结构。
【问题讨论】:
是否可以通过匿名管道使用重叠 I/O? CreatePipe() 没有任何指定 FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED 的方法,所以我假设 ReadFile() 会阻塞,即使我提供了一个 OVERLAPPED 结构。
【问题讨论】:
这是一个匿名管道函数的实现,可以指定 FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED:
/******************************************************************************\
* This is a part of the Microsoft Source Code Samples.
* Copyright 1995 - 1997 Microsoft Corporation.
* All rights reserved.
* This source code is only intended as a supplement to
* Microsoft Development Tools and/or WinHelp documentation.
* See these sources for detailed information regarding the
* Microsoft samples programs.
\******************************************************************************/
/*++
Copyright (c) 1997 Microsoft Corporation
Module Name:
pipeex.c
Abstract:
CreatePipe-like function that lets one or both handles be overlapped
Author:
Dave Hart Summer 1997
Revision History:
--*/
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
static volatile long PipeSerialNumber;
BOOL
APIENTRY
MyCreatePipeEx(
OUT LPHANDLE lpReadPipe,
OUT LPHANDLE lpWritePipe,
IN LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpPipeAttributes,
IN DWORD nSize,
DWORD dwReadMode,
DWORD dwWriteMode
)
/*++
Routine Description:
The CreatePipeEx API is used to create an anonymous pipe I/O device.
Unlike CreatePipe FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED may be specified for one or
both handles.
Two handles to the device are created. One handle is opened for
reading and the other is opened for writing. These handles may be
used in subsequent calls to ReadFile and WriteFile to transmit data
through the pipe.
Arguments:
lpReadPipe - Returns a handle to the read side of the pipe. Data
may be read from the pipe by specifying this handle value in a
subsequent call to ReadFile.
lpWritePipe - Returns a handle to the write side of the pipe. Data
may be written to the pipe by specifying this handle value in a
subsequent call to WriteFile.
lpPipeAttributes - An optional parameter that may be used to specify
the attributes of the new pipe. If the parameter is not
specified, then the pipe is created without a security
descriptor, and the resulting handles are not inherited on
process creation. Otherwise, the optional security attributes
are used on the pipe, and the inherit handles flag effects both
pipe handles.
nSize - Supplies the requested buffer size for the pipe. This is
only a suggestion and is used by the operating system to
calculate an appropriate buffering mechanism. A value of zero
indicates that the system is to choose the default buffering
scheme.
Return Value:
TRUE - The operation was successful.
FALSE/NULL - The operation failed. Extended error status is available
using GetLastError.
--*/
{
HANDLE ReadPipeHandle, WritePipeHandle;
DWORD dwError;
UCHAR PipeNameBuffer[ MAX_PATH ];
//
// Only one valid OpenMode flag - FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED
//
if ((dwReadMode | dwWriteMode) & (~FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED)) {
SetLastError(ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER);
return FALSE;
}
//
// Set the default timeout to 120 seconds
//
if (nSize == 0) {
nSize = 4096;
}
sprintf( PipeNameBuffer,
"\\\\.\\Pipe\\RemoteExeAnon.%08x.%08x",
GetCurrentProcessId(),
InterlockedIncrement(&PipeSerialNumber)
);
ReadPipeHandle = CreateNamedPipeA(
PipeNameBuffer,
PIPE_ACCESS_INBOUND | dwReadMode,
PIPE_TYPE_BYTE | PIPE_WAIT,
1, // Number of pipes
nSize, // Out buffer size
nSize, // In buffer size
120 * 1000, // Timeout in ms
lpPipeAttributes
);
if (! ReadPipeHandle) {
return FALSE;
}
WritePipeHandle = CreateFileA(
PipeNameBuffer,
GENERIC_WRITE,
0, // No sharing
lpPipeAttributes,
OPEN_EXISTING,
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL | dwWriteMode,
NULL // Template file
);
if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == WritePipeHandle) {
dwError = GetLastError();
CloseHandle( ReadPipeHandle );
SetLastError(dwError);
return FALSE;
}
*lpReadPipe = ReadPipeHandle;
*lpWritePipe = WritePipeHandle;
return( TRUE );
}
【讨论】:
MyCreatePipeEx 实现非常出色(基本上从 Windows CreatePipe 源代码本身提升),但您应该在所述实现中将 PipeSerialNumber++ 更改为 InterlockedIncrement(&PipeSerialNumber) 以避免 MT 中的竞争条件代码。
StringCbPrintfA(pipe_name, MAX_PATH, "\\\\.\\Pipe\\%08x.%08x", rand(), time(nullptr) ); 来避免 InterlockedIncrement 怎么办?
【讨论】:
首先需要了解-Anonymous Pipes 是什么,以及匿名和Named Pipes 之间存在什么区别。
确实只存在单管类型(由npfs.sys实现)。除了名称之外,命名管道和匿名管道之间没有任何区别。两者都只是管道。
所谓的匿名管道 - 这是win7之前的特殊/随机命名管道,真正的未命名管道从win7开始。
当 msdn 写下 “匿名管道是单向管道” - 这就是 谎言。与任何管道一样,它可以是单向或双工的。当 msdn 写到 “匿名管道不支持异步(重叠)读写操作。” - 这是谎言。当然管道支持异步 io。管道名称不影响这一点。
在win7之前,真正的无名管道甚至根本不存在。 CreatePipe 函数使用Win32Pipes.%08x.%08x 格式创建“匿名管道”的名称。
static LONG PipeSerialNumber;
WCHAR name[64];
swprintf(name, L"\\Device\\NamedPipe\\Win32Pipes.%08x.%08x",
GetCurrentProcessId(), InterlockedIncrement(&PipeSerialNumber));
从 win7 CreatePipe 开始使用另一种技术(相对文件打开)来创建管道对 - 现在它真的是匿名的。
例如,创建管道对的代码,其中一个管道是异步的且不可继承。另一个管道是同步的和可继承的。两个管道都是双工的(支持读写)
ULONG CreatePipeAnonymousPair7(PHANDLE phServerPipe, PHANDLE phClientPipe)
{
HANDLE hNamedPipe;
IO_STATUS_BLOCK iosb;
static UNICODE_STRING NamedPipe = RTL_CONSTANT_STRING(L"\\Device\\NamedPipe\\");
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES oa = { sizeof(oa), 0, const_cast<PUNICODE_STRING>(&NamedPipe), OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE };
NTSTATUS status;
if (0 <= (status = NtOpenFile(&hNamedPipe, SYNCHRONIZE, &oa, &iosb, FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS, 0)))
{
oa.RootDirectory = hNamedPipe;
static LARGE_INTEGER timeout = { 0, MINLONG };
static UNICODE_STRING empty = {};
oa.ObjectName = ∅
if (0 <= (status = ZwCreateNamedPipeFile(phServerPipe,
FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES|FILE_READ_DATA|
FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES|FILE_WRITE_DATA|
FILE_CREATE_PIPE_INSTANCE,
&oa, &iosb, FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE,
FILE_CREATE, 0, FILE_PIPE_BYTE_STREAM_TYPE, FILE_PIPE_BYTE_STREAM_MODE,
FILE_PIPE_QUEUE_OPERATION, 1, 0, 0, &timeout)))
{
oa.RootDirectory = *phServerPipe;
oa.Attributes = OBJ_CASE_INSENSITIVE|OBJ_INHERIT;
if (0 > (status = NtOpenFile(phClientPipe, SYNCHRONIZE|FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES|FILE_READ_DATA|
FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES|FILE_WRITE_DATA, &oa, &iosb,
FILE_SHARE_VALID_FLAGS, FILE_SYNCHRONOUS_IO_NONALERT)))
{
NtClose(oa.RootDirectory);
}
}
NtClose(hNamedPipe);
}
return RtlNtStatusToDosError(status);
}
ULONG CreatePipeAnonymousPair(PHANDLE phServerPipe, PHANDLE phClientPipe)
{
static char flag_supported = -1;
if (flag_supported < 0)
{
ULONG dwMajorVersion, dwMinorVersion;
RtlGetNtVersionNumbers(&dwMajorVersion, &dwMinorVersion, 0);
flag_supported = _WIN32_WINNT_WIN7 <= ((dwMajorVersion << 8)| dwMinorVersion);
}
if (flag_supported)
{
return CreatePipeAnonymousPair7(phServerPipe, phClientPipe);
}
static LONG PipeSerialNumber;
WCHAR name[64];
swprintf(name, L"\\\\?\\pipe\\Win32Pipes.%08x.%08x", GetCurrentProcessId(), InterlockedIncrement(&PipeSerialNumber));
HANDLE hClient, hServer = CreateNamedPipeW(name,
PIPE_ACCESS_DUPLEX|FILE_READ_DATA|FILE_WRITE_DATA|FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,
PIPE_TYPE_BYTE|PIPE_READMODE_BYTE, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0);
if (hServer != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
static SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES sa = { sizeof(sa), 0, TRUE };
hClient = CreateFileW(name, FILE_GENERIC_READ|FILE_GENERIC_WRITE,
FILE_SHARE_READ|FILE_SHARE_WRITE, &sa, OPEN_EXISTING, 0, 0);
if (hClient != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
{
*phServerPipe = hServer, *phClientPipe = hClient;
return NOERROR;
}
CloseHandle(hServer);
}
return GetLastError();
}
【讨论】:
OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES 它支持打开或创建文件相对于 RootDirectory 目录。在我的具体中 - 首先我们在 \\Device\\NamedPipe 上打开根文件夹 \,然后我们创建具有空名称的管道。而不是再次与空名称配对,但与oa.RootDirectory = *phServerPipe。 CreatePipe 的代码在内部使用这个 api 硬编码管道上的同步 I/O
RootDirectory 中创建多个管道并仅通过它们的句柄来引用它们吗?匿名就是这样实现的?我对多个对象具有相同路径的事实感到有些困惑。以及名称的某些部分可以为空这一事实。
"\\Device\\NamedPipe\\Win32Pipes.%08x.%08x" 这样的随机名称。从win7开始就设计了这段代码(需要npfs.sys驱动支持)。所以文件根本没有名字。诀窍是如何创建 pair。假设我们创建了未命名的管道。如何“连接”到它?我们不能使用名称(它为空)。在 npfs 中设计的特殊方式 - 使用 object_attributes 中的 RootDirectory 句柄作为点 - 我们要连接到哪个管道