在 OS X 上与 clang++ 链接会产生大量未找到符号的错误

Question

我正在尝试使用 clang++ 编译器在 OS X 10.8 上编译一些 C++ 代码（包括 C++11 功能）。我有一个生成目标文件的makefile OK，然后在命令上：

clang++  -o Analysis.so -shared DataFile.o CR39DataFile.o

我收到大量关于未找到架构 x86_64 的符号的错误。该代码在使用 g++ 的 *nix 系统上运行良好，并为 C++11 支持适当地更改了编译器标志。要编译 *.o，我会这样做：

clang++ -c -Wall -std=c++11 -stdlib=libc++ -I../src ../src/DataFile.cc

编辑：链接命令的输出是：

clang++  -o Analysis.so -shared DataFile.o CR39DataFile.o
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::find(char const*, unsigned long, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::find(char, unsigned long) const", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::trim(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::compare(char const*) const", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::__vector_base_common<true>::__throw_length_error() const", referenced from:
std::__1::vector<frame*, std::__1::allocator<frame*> >::__append(unsigned long) in CR39DataFile.o
std::__1::vector<std::__1::vector<frame*, std::__1::allocator<frame*> >*, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::vector<frame*, std::__1::allocator<frame*> >*> >::__append(unsigned long) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::__vector_base_common<true>::__throw_out_of_range() const", referenced from:
std::__1::vector<std::__1::vector<frame*, std::__1::allocator<frame*> >*, std::__1::allocator<std::__1::vector<frame*, std::__1::allocator<frame*> >*> >::at(unsigned long) in CR39DataFile.o
std::__1::vector<frame*, std::__1::allocator<frame*> >::at(unsigned long) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::erase(unsigned long, unsigned long)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::trim(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::assign(char const*)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::CR39DataFile() in CR39DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::clear() in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::insert(unsigned long, unsigned long, char)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::resize(unsigned long, char)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::reserve(unsigned long)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from:
DataFile::read(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, bool) in DataFile.o
DataFile::write(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, bool) in DataFile.o
std::__1::thread::thread<bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >), DataFile*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, void>(bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >)&&, DataFile*&&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&&&) in DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::write_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::write_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float, float) in CR39DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::write_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, float, float, float, float, float, float) in CR39DataFile.o
...
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::basic_string(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned long, unsigned long, std::__1::allocator<char> const&)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::read_thread(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::~basic_string()", referenced from:
DataFile::~DataFile() in DataFile.o
DataFile::read(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, bool) in DataFile.o
DataFile::write(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, bool) in DataFile.o
std::__1::thread::thread<bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >), DataFile*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, void>(bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >)&&, DataFile*&&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&&&) in DataFile.o
void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >), DataFile*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > >(void*) in DataFile.o
std::__1::__tuple_leaf<2ul, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >, false>::~__tuple_leaf() in DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::CR39DataFile() in CR39DataFile.o
...
"std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >::operator=(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&)", referenced from:
CR39DataFile::set_file_path(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
CR39DataFile::set_file_auxpath(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >) in CR39DataFile.o
"std::__1::__thread_struct::__thread_struct()", referenced from:
void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >), DataFile*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > >(void*) in DataFile.o
"std::__1::__thread_struct::~__thread_struct()", referenced from:
std::__1::__thread_specific_ptr<std::__1::__thread_struct>::reset(std::__1::__thread_struct*) in DataFile.o
"std::__1::__thread_local_data()", referenced from:
void* std::__1::__thread_proxy<std::__1::tuple<bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >), DataFile*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > > >(void*) in DataFile.o
"std::__1::__throw_system_error(int, char const*)", referenced from:
std::__1::thread::thread<bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >), DataFile*, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&, void>(bool (DataFile::*)(std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> >)&&, DataFile*&&, std::__1::basic_string<char, std::__1::char_traits<char>, std::__1::allocator<char> > const&&&) in DataFile.o
"std::__1::thread::~thread()", referenced from:
DataFile::cleanup_file_io() in DataFile.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [Analysis.so] Error 1

Answer 1

我怀疑这个问题是因为 OS X 下有两个可用的 C++ 运行时库。使用以下链接来链接动态库：

clang++ -stdlib=libc++ -o Analysis.dylib -shared DataFile.o CR39DataFile.o

（-stdlib=libc++ 是关键区别）。我认为默认的 C++ 运行时是 GNU 实现，当您使用 libc++ 实现编译时，它会混淆链接器。

Answer 2

附带说明，面对相同的错误消息，我发现我需要使用gcc -lstdc++ -lLibraryName ...（需要 stdc++ 部分）。

另见https://github.com/JonathanSalwan/Triton/issues/243