如何从 UnsafeMutableRawPointer 中获取字节？

Question

如何访问由 C API（Core Audio 等）传递给 Swift 函数的 UnsafeMutableRawPointer（Swift 3 中的新功能）指向的内存中的字节（或 Int16、浮点数等）

Answer 1

这是一个将文字 UInt8 数组转换为 UnsafeMutableRawPointer 并返回到 UInt32 数组的 Swift 4 示例

static func unsafePointerTest() {
    //let a : [UInt8] = [0,0,0,4,0,0,0,8,0,0,0,12]
    let a : [UInt8] = [0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                       0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
                       0x0C, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00] //little endian
    //0xFF, 0xF0, 0xF0, 0x12]  //317780223 = 12F0F0FF
    let b:UnsafeMutableRawPointer = UnsafeMutableRawPointer(mutating:a)
    let bTypedPtr = b.bindMemory(to: UInt32.self, capacity: a.count/4)
    let UInt32Buffer = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: bTypedPtr, count: a.count/4)
    let output = Array(UInt32Buffer)
    print(output)
}

Answer 2

创建数据对象。

init(bytesNoCopy bytes: UnsafeMutableRawPointer, count: Int, deallocator: Data.Deallocator)

这里的其他答案中缺少的一个重要方法是使用 UnsafeMutableRawPointer 初始化 Data 对象。然后可以将数据对象用于其他计算。

public func base64(quality: Int32 = 67) -> String? {
    var size: Int32 = 0
    if let image = gdImageJpegPtr(internalImage, &size, quality) {
        // gdImageJpegPtr returns an UnsafeMutableRawPointer that is converted to a Data object
        let d = Data(bytesNoCopy: image, count: Int(size), deallocator: .none)
        return d.base64EncodedString()
    }
    return nil
}

Answer 3

这里是 Unsafe[Mutable]RawPointer 到 T/Unsafe[MutablePointer] 转换的 api 文档：

/// Binds the allocated memory to type `T` and returns an
/// `UnsafePointer<T>` to the bound memory at `self`.
///
/// - Precondition: The memory is uninitialized.
/// - Postcondition: The memory is bound to 'T' starting at `self` continuing
///   through `self` + `count` * `MemoryLayout<T>.stride`
/// - Warning: Binding memory to a type is potentially undefined if the
///   memory is ever accessed as an unrelated type.
public func bindMemory<T>(to type: T.Type, capacity count: Int) -> UnsafePointer<T>

/// Converts from an `UnsafeRawPointer` to UnsafePointer<T> given that
/// the region of memory starting at `self` is already bound to type `T`.
///
/// - Precondition: The memory is bound to 'T' starting at `self` for some
///   unspecified capacity.
///
/// - Warning: Accessing memory via the returned pointer is undefined if the
///   if the memory has not been bound to `T`.
public func assumingMemoryBound<T>(to: T.Type) -> UnsafePointer<T>

/// Reads raw bytes from memory at `self + offset` and constructs a
/// value of type `T`.
///
/// - Precondition: The underlying pointer plus `offset` is properly
///   aligned for accessing `T`.
///
/// - Precondition: The memory is initialized to a value of some type, `U`,
///   such that `T` is layout compatible with `U`.
public func load<T>(fromByteOffset offset: Int = default, as type: T.Type) -> T

然后从Unsafe[MutablePointer]<T> 到T 可以转换为 pointee 和 move api

/// Accesses the `Pointee` instance referenced by `self`.
///
/// - Precondition: the pointee has been initialized with an instance of
///   type `Pointee`.
public var pointee: Pointee { get }

/// Retrieves the `pointee`, returning the referenced memory to an
/// uninitialized state.
///
/// Equivalent to `{ defer { deinitialize() }; return pointee }()`, but
/// more efficient.
///
/// - Precondition: The pointee is initialized.
///
/// - Postcondition: The memory is uninitialized.
public func move() -> Pointee

Answer 4

load<T> 从内存中读取原始字节并构造一个T 类型的值：

let ptr = ... // Unsafe[Mutable]RawPointer
let i16 = ptr.load(as: UInt16.self)

可选地在字节偏移处：

let i16 = ptr.load(fromByteOffset: 4, as: UInt16.self)

还有assumingMemoryBound()，它从Unsafe[Mutable]RawPointer转换为Unsafe[Mutable]Pointer<T>，假设指向的内存包含一个类型为T的值：

let i16 = ptr.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt16.self).pointee

对于值数组，您可以创建一个“缓冲区指针”：

let i16bufptr = UnsafeBufferPointer(start: ptr.assumingMemoryBound(to: UInt16.self), count: count)

缓冲区指针可能已经足以满足您的目的，它 是可下标的，并且可以像数组一样枚举。 如有必要，从缓冲区指针创建一个数组：

let i16array = Array(i16bufptr)

正如@Hamish 所说，更多信息和细节可以在

找到

• SE-0107 UnsafeRawPointer API