Win32：位图实例化中断功能

Question

我的一个位图（它是一个精灵表）遇到了这个奇怪的问题。我的游戏运行完美，但如果我取消注释这行代码，初始化位图和精灵的 GameStart 函数会中断：

g_pPowerup100Bitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_POWERUP_100, g_hInstance);

结果是 函数在遇到该行代码时退出，但必须调用 GamePaint()，因为位图被传送到屏幕上。我知道该功能没有正确执行，因为它们不是精灵 - 只是图像（并且音乐永远不会初始化）。精灵和音乐初始化在同一函数中的位图初始化之下。

更令人沮丧的是，游戏实际上工作......有时。然后我可以正常玩游戏并看到新的动画精灵。然而，在尝试调试该东西数十次之后，它根本无法正确构建。

我的尝试：

1) Try/catch of entire GameStart() contents. Exception is not thrown
2) Extensive breakpoint checking - it's definitely this line
3) Spell-checking variable name - exact same as in header file
4) Re-saving bitmap as 24-bit RGB instead of 32-bit
5) Cleaning & rebuilding both the solution & project file
6) Restarting Visual C++ 2008

位图为 64x1536。那是问题吗？我有 8GB 的​​ RAM 和 GTX 570 Classified。这是整个函数：

void GameStart(HWND hWindow)
{
    try
  {
    // Initialize global variables
    g_iInputDelay = 0;
    g_iNumLives = 3;
    g_iScore = 0;
    g_iGameState = 1;
    g_iDifficulty = 1;

    // Seed the random number generator
    srand(GetTickCount());

    // Create the offscreen device context and bitmap
    g_hOffscreenDC = CreateCompatibleDC(GetDC(hWindow));
    g_hOffscreenBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(GetDC(hWindow),
    g_pGame->GetWidth(), g_pGame->GetHeight());
    SelectObject(g_hOffscreenDC, g_hOffscreenBitmap);

    // Create and load the bitmaps
    HDC hDC = GetDC(hWindow);
    g_pHighwayBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_HIGHWAY, g_hInstance);
    g_pChickenBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CHICKEN, g_hInstance);
    g_pCarBitmaps[0] = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CAR1, g_hInstance);
    g_pCarBitmaps[1] = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CAR2, g_hInstance);
    g_pCarBitmaps[2] = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CAR3, g_hInstance);
    g_pCarBitmaps[3] = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CAR4, g_hInstance);
    g_pChickenHeadBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CHICKENHEAD, g_hInstance);
    g_pMainMenuBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_MAIN_MENU, g_hInstance);
    g_pHighScoresMenuBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_HIGH_SCORES_MENU, g_hInstance);
    g_pGameOverMenuBitmap =  new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_GAME_OVER_MENU, g_hInstance);
    g_pNormalModeBtnBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_NORMAL_MODE_BTN, g_hInstance);
    g_pHardModeBtnBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_HARD_MODE_BTN, g_hInstance);
    g_pHighScoresBtnBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_HIGH_SCORES_BTN, g_hInstance);
    g_pReplayBtnBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_REPLAY_BTN, g_hInstance);
    g_pMainMenuBtnBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_MAIN_MENU_BTN, g_hInstance);
    g_pPowerup100Bitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_POWERUP_100, g_hInstance);

    RECT    rcBounds = { 0, 0, 465, 400 };

    //Button Sprites - Main Menu
    Sprite* pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pNormalModeBtnBitmap, 77,228, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(0);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 1);

    pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pHardModeBtnBitmap, 254,228, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(0);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 1);

    pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pHighScoresBtnBitmap, 166,310, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(3);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 1);


    //Button Sprites - Game Over Menu
    pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pReplayBtnBitmap, 167,249, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(0);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 2);

    pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pMainMenuBtnBitmap, 82,332, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(1);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 2);

    pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pHighScoresBtnBitmap, 252,332, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(3);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 2);

    //Button Sprites - High Scores Menu
    pBtnSprite = new Sprite(g_pMainMenuBtnBitmap, 166,332, 0,0, 1, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    pBtnSprite->SetStateChange(1);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pBtnSprite, 3);

        // Create the chicken and car sprites
    g_pChickenSprite = new Sprite(g_pChickenBitmap, rcBounds, BA_STOP);
    g_pChickenSprite->SetPosition(4, 175);
    g_pChickenSprite->SetVelocity(0, 0);
    g_pChickenSprite->SetZOrder(1);
    g_pChickenSprite->SetNumFrames(2);
    g_pChickenSprite->SetAsInputControlled(); //stops auto-frame update
    //DEBUGGING ONLY!!!!!
    g_pChickenSprite->SetID(1);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(g_pChickenSprite, 0);

    Sprite* pSprite = new Sprite(g_pCarBitmaps[0], rcBounds, BA_WRAP);
    pSprite->SetPosition(70, 0);
    pSprite->SetVelocity(0, 6);
    pSprite->SetZOrder(2);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pSprite, 0);
    pSprite = new Sprite(g_pCarBitmaps[1], rcBounds, BA_WRAP);
    pSprite->SetPosition(160, 0);
    pSprite->SetVelocity(0, 2);
    pSprite->SetZOrder(2);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pSprite, 0);
    pSprite = new Sprite(g_pCarBitmaps[2], rcBounds, BA_WRAP);
    pSprite->SetPosition(239, 400);
    pSprite->SetVelocity(0, -4);
    pSprite->SetZOrder(2);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pSprite, 0);
    pSprite = new Sprite(g_pCarBitmaps[3], rcBounds, BA_WRAP);
    pSprite->SetPosition(329, 400);
    pSprite->SetVelocity(0, -9);
    pSprite->SetZOrder(2);
    g_pGame->AddSprite(pSprite, 0);

    // Load the background music
    g_pGame->PlayMIDISong(TEXT("Music.mid"));

    getHighScores(scoreData, g_scoreTop);

    scoreData.close();

  }
  catch (int e)
  {
    cout << "An exception occurred. Exception Nr. " << e << endl;
    system("PAUSE");
  }
}

GameStart() 在这种情况下被调用：

switch (msg)
  {
    case WM_CREATE:
      // Set the game window and start the game
      SetWindow(hWindow);
      GameStart(hWindow);
      return 0;

如果有人能解释为什么该位图会杀死该功能，我将不胜感激！

编辑：Hans 直击问题 - 我勾选了“Win32 Exceptions”复选框，这行代码出现内存访问错误：

    CopyMemory(pBitmapBits, pTempBits, pBitmapInfo->bmiHeader.biSizeImage);

图片是否太大？我会继续调查，但欢迎提出任何建议。

Answer 1

不要使用 WM_CREATE 消息来初始化您的游戏。当您在 64 位操作系统上运行 32 位代码时，会出现一个非常具体的问题，当消息处理代码中出现 SEH 异常（如访问冲突）时，它们会被吞没。 WM_CREATE 是显示问题的消息之一。 this answer 中有很多关于此行为的详细信息，尽管它非常特定于 Winforms。然而，当您使用 C 或 C++ 编写代码时，也会出现完全相同的问题。

（通常）不需要使用 WM_CREATE 来初始化东西，你最好在 CreateWindowsEx() 调用之后移动它，因为你应该只需要窗口句柄。调试器现在将再次提供帮助，并显示代码崩溃的位置。

如果您确实在 WM_CREATE 中需要它，然后使用 Debug + Exceptions 对其进行调试，请勾选 Thrown 复选框以获取 Win32 异常。也是验证此答案是否准确的方法。

Answer 2

就像我现在一样，在调用 GetDC 之后，您必须调用 ReleaseDC。 但是您拨打了三个 GetDC 电话。 留下一个电话，存储 HDC，最后释放它。