读取具有两行标题的文件[重复]

Question

我一直在使用 SurveyGizmo，它可以将数据导出为 CSV 文件，但可惜它有两行作为标题。第一行指定问题，第二行包含受访者可以勾选的可能回答。这在数据读写世界中似乎非常异常，但在调查世界中似乎很正常。如何将这样的文件读入 R？

SurveyGizmo 曾经使用“旧”导出格式将所有内容放在一行中，但似乎该公司不再支持它了。在一项简单的调查中，一位帮助我的实习生能够使用以下代码克服这个问题。然而，随着调查的时间越长，问题越多，而且问题越长（因此标题越长），我们上面的蛮力方法就不起作用了。

#Read csv file with two rows of headers
#Append the second row to the first row
df <-read.csv(csvfile,skip=1,stringsAsFactors=FALSE) #Read csv without any header
hl=readLines(csvfile, 2)            #Read the two header lines as char strings
hl=strsplit(hl,',')                   #Split headers up by commas
colnames(df)=sub('_$','',paste(hl[[1]],hl[[2]],sep=""))  #join second row to first row  

最后，我想要一个带有列标题的数据框，然后我将与来自后续调查的另一个数据框合并。

这是一个包含两个标题行的 CSV 文件示例。第三行也是最后一行是第一行数据（不是真实信息）。

"","","","","","","","","","Inclusion Criteria I or my child is a patient with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)How do you know that you or your child has RRP? Please check whatever is true.","","","Exclusion Criteria Do any of the following apply? Please put a check next to any condition that is present.In the unlikely event that one of the following conditions apply, then unfortunately we cannot enroll you in this study. You could stop or you could carry on telling us about yourself, whichever you prefer. ","","Confused or have questions?If you are confused about any items or if you want us to clarify something then here is the place that you can express yourself freely. Also, you can call us at (412) 567-7870 or at (888) 887-7729.You are encouraged to review the consent form. You do not have to sign it now but you will need to do so once we enroll you. ","Please tell us who you are - referring to you, the person completing the form. Different people feel differently about their privacy and about how they are contacted. We will do our utmost to protect your privacy. Please do not give us your e-mail address if you do not want us to use it. Remember that e-mail should be private but is not always so. The safest way to think about it is as if e-mail was similar to a post card. Please do not give us a telephone number you do not want us to contact you on.","","","","","","","","","","","Who are you? Are you the patient or a parent or someone else?","When was the person with RRP born?Enter the date as MM/DD/YYYY","Approximately when was RRP diagnosed? This can be very approximate. If you do not remember the date then please put down your best guess. We will use it to work out how old the patient was when he or she was diagnosed. Enter the date as MM/DD/YYYY.","Has the patient with RRP ever received Gardasil? Gardasil is a vaccine against HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 that was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in females to prevent gynecologic diseases. ","Please ignore this question. It is for our internal tracking. Are you?","gender","race","Has there been human contact? By e-mail or by telephone or by anything in which we discussed informed consent","What is the subject number?","Merck Research Laboratory Accession Number?","Second Merck  Accession Number?","FedEx Tracking Number","Date Shipped Out","Date EMSI Notified"
"Response ID","RespondantKey","Edit Link","IP","Date Started","Date Finished","Status","Linked From","Comments","histopathconfirm","surgeonseaid","other","cancer","none","","First Name","Last Name","Street Address","Apt/Suite/Office","City","State","Postal Code","Country","Email Address","Phone Number","Mobile Phone","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"6990181","4099941","http://s-gtzd7-14166.sgizmo.com/?edit=6770181&cc=e246ecb7095b983xxxxx7ec0a9","1991.157.178.134","2009-04-30 07:57:24","2009-04-15 14:56:01","Submitted","","Spoke to her Thursday, 20 Apr 2009 20:26. No questions ready to go.09/11/2009 consent mailed..mrs accession number 304074333811wp, 01wp SFJB06123 Fedex tracking 865888887357 sent Tues April 29; called her Thurs, 10 May 2009 20:21 she will sign slip","histopathconfirm","surgeonseaid","","","none","","Jane","Doe","23 Hastings Rd","29th floor","Oranje","ny","27935","USA","mystry@gmail.com","728-850-7252","626-922-2239","Patient","02/21/1965","01/01/1976","No","Key Person","","","Yes","SFJB06123","304033385811wp","303334485801wp","865333807357","4/11/2007","4/11/2007"

Answer 1

为什么不让 read.csv 在第一个标题行中读取（据我了解，这是实际的标题）然后跳过下一行：

read.csv(file, header=T, skip=1)

或者，如果第二个标题行以特殊字符开头（在您的数据中找不到），那么您可以将该行指定为注释行，方法是将行开头的字符作为参数 的值传递comment.char（例如，如果该行以“#”开头，则为）::

read.csv(file, header=T, comment.char="#")

Answer 2

实际上，我认为最简单的方法是使用 SurveyGizmo SPSS 导出。将数据导出到 SPSS，然后在 R 中使用类似的命令：

read.spss(file='mydata.sav')

这实际上应该非常适合您，并将所有数据描述也带入 R。

在版本 3 中，目前处于活动状态的“快速导出”是单列导出，并将保持这种方式 - 官方支持。

遗憾的是，此导出的旧版本已被删除且未经优化，无法升级以与一些更现代的浏览器一起使用。尤其是新的出口距离接管只有几周的时间。

在这种情况下，SPSS Export 是最好的选择！

免责声明：我在 SurveyGizmo 工作。