如何从 R 中的多列中提取文本并粘贴到同一列中？答案

【问题标题】：How to extract text from multiple columns in R and paste into same columns?如何从 R 中的多列中提取文本并粘贴到同一列中？
【发布时间】：2021-03-31 10:51:09
【问题描述】：

我有一个数据集，其中包含以下格式的几列。

et_intro	et_ed_eng
(ID 1) Yes I understand	(ID -1) None of the above
(ID 2) No I meant to open a different survey	(ID 1) Exercise

我想用 R 编写一个简单的语句（最好是对 tidyverse 友好），它会产生以下内容。

et_intro	et_ed_eng
1	-1
2	1

数据

ets_e <- ets_p <- structure(
        list(
                `Scheduled Time` = c(
                        "2020-11-10 11:31:09 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 19:49:06 EST",
                        "2020-11-13 21:07:44 EST",
                        "2020-11-11 14:05:48 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 17:14:14 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 21:22:09 EST",
                        "2020-11-11 15:26:42 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 13:42:15 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 16:18:16 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 16:20:17 EST",
                        "2020-11-27 15:47:27 EST"
                ),
                `Issued Time` = c(
                        "2020-11-10 11:31:09 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 19:49:06 EST",
                        "2020-11-13 21:07:44 EST",
                        "2020-11-11 14:05:48 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 17:14:14 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 21:22:09 EST",
                        "2020-11-11 15:26:42 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 13:42:15 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 16:18:16 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 16:20:17 EST",
                        "2020-11-27 15:47:27 EST"
                ),
                `Response Time` = c(
                        "2020-11-10 11:31:36 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 19:49:53 EST",
                        "2020-11-13 21:08:13 EST",
                        "2020-11-11 14:07:16 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 17:15:24 EST",
                        "2020-11-12 21:22:56 EST",
                        "2020-11-11 15:28:34 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 13:42:25 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 16:18:55 EST",
                        "2020-11-25 16:22:08 EST",
                        "2020-11-27 15:47:44 EST"
                ),
                `Duration (minutes)` = c(
                        26.52,
                        47.758,
                        29.752,
                        87.806,
                        69.313,
                        46.894,
                        111.483,
                        10.768,
                        38.319,
                        111.159,
                        17.287
                ),
                Location = c(
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown",
                        "Unknown"
                ),
                et_intro = c(
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 2) No I meant to open a different survey (you can exit the current survey)",
                        "(ID 1) Yes I understand",
                        "(ID 2) No I meant to open a different survey (you can exit the current survey)",
                        "(ID 2) No I meant to open a different survey (you can exit the current survey)"
                ),
                et_ed_eng = c(
                        "(ID -1) None of the above",
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        NA,
                        "(ID 1) Binge eating",
                        NA,
                        NA
                ),
                et_ed_eng_other = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
                                    NA, NA, NA),
                et_ed_whyb = c(
                        NA,
                        "(ID 4) Because I don't know how to control my eating & (ID 5) Because binge eating feels good",
                        "(ID 5) Because binge eating feels good",
                        "(ID 3) To cope with my emotions & (ID 5) Because binge eating feels good",
                        "(ID 4) Because I don't know how to control my eating & (ID 5) Because binge eating feels good",
                        "(ID 4) Because I don't know how to control my eating & (ID 5) Because binge eating feels good",
                        "(ID 1) I went too long without eating or restricted my eating too much",
                        NA,
                        "(ID 1) I went too long without eating or restricted my eating too much",
                        NA,
                        NA
                ),
                et_ed_whyb_other = c(NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA,
                                     NA, NA, NA),
                et_ed_bplan = c(NA, 1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, NA, 0, NA,
                                NA),
                et_ed_rstr = c(
                        "(ID 1) Tried to limit the amount that you ate",
                        "(ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like & (ID 1) Tried to limit the amount that you ate",
                        "(ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like",
                        "(ID 1) Tried to limit the amount that you ate & (ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like",
                        "(ID 1) Tried to limit the amount that you ate & (ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like",
                        "(ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like & (ID 1) Tried to limit the amount that you ate",
                        "(ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like",
                        NA,
                        "(ID 3) Tried to delay eating & (ID 2) Tried to avoid eating certain foods that you like & (ID 1) Tried to limit the amount that you ate",
                        NA,
                        NA
                ),
                et_ed_rstr_lim = c(
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        "(ID 1) Yes",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        NA,
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        NA
                ),
                et_ed_rstr_av = c(
                        NA,
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 1) Yes",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        NA
                ),
                et_ed_rstr_del = c(NA,
                                   NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, "(ID 2) No", NA, NA),
                et_ex_eng = c(
                        "(ID 1) Yes",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 1) Yes",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        "(ID 2) No",
                        NA,
                        NA
                ),
                et_ex_dc = c(2, NA, 3,
                             NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA),
                et_ex_sw = c(3, NA, 3, NA, NA,
                             NA, NA, NA, NA, NA, NA),
                et_ex_comp = c(1, NA, 4, NA, NA, NA,
                               NA, NA, NA, NA, NA)
        ),
        row.names = c(NA,-11L),
        class = c("tbl_df",
                  "tbl", "data.frame")
)

【问题讨论】：

@akrun 完成，对不起！
当您有很多 ID 时，例如 `(ID 1) & (ID 5) 您需要两者还是作为第一个或第二个？如果两者都有，你需要它们在列表/向量中还是作为字符串？
@Onyambu 如果可能的话，我会将两个 ID 放在同一列中，用逗号分隔（例如，“1,5”）。

标签： r string dataframe tidyverse

【解决方案1】：

你可以这样做：

library(dplyr)

df %>% 
  mutate(across(everything(), ~as.numeric(gsub("^.*?(-?\\d+).*$", "\\1", .x))))
#>   et_intro et_ed_eng
#> 1        1        -1
#> 2        2         1

数据

df <- structure(list(et_intro = c("(ID 1) Yes I understand", 
"(ID 2) No I meant to open a different survey"
), et_ed_eng = c("(ID -1) None of the above", "(ID 1) Exercise"
)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -2L))

df
#>                                       et_intro                 et_ed_eng
#> 1                      (ID 1) Yes I understand (ID -1) None of the above
#> 2 (ID 2) No I meant to open a different survey           (ID 1) Exercise

编辑

随着问题中新添加的数据，很明显需要做一些工作来选择正确的列而不是选择everything()：

ets_e %>% 
  mutate(across(where(is.character) & starts_with("et_"),
                ~as.numeric(gsub("^.*?(-?\\d+).*$", "\\1", .x))))
#> # A tibble: 11 x 19
#>    `Scheduled Time` `Issued Time` `Response Time` `Duration (minu~ Location et_intro
#>    <chr>            <chr>         <chr>                      <dbl> <chr>       <dbl>
#>  1 2020-11-10 11:3~ 2020-11-10 1~ 2020-11-10 11:~             26.5 Unknown         1
#>  2 2020-11-12 19:4~ 2020-11-12 1~ 2020-11-12 19:~             47.8 Unknown         1
#>  3 2020-11-13 21:0~ 2020-11-13 2~ 2020-11-13 21:~             29.8 Unknown         1
#>  4 2020-11-11 14:0~ 2020-11-11 1~ 2020-11-11 14:~             87.8 Unknown         1
#>  5 2020-11-12 17:1~ 2020-11-12 1~ 2020-11-12 17:~             69.3 Unknown         1
#>  6 2020-11-12 21:2~ 2020-11-12 2~ 2020-11-12 21:~             46.9 Unknown         1
#>  7 2020-11-11 15:2~ 2020-11-11 1~ 2020-11-11 15:~            111.  Unknown         1
#>  8 2020-11-25 13:4~ 2020-11-25 1~ 2020-11-25 13:~             10.8 Unknown         2
#>  9 2020-11-25 16:1~ 2020-11-25 1~ 2020-11-25 16:~             38.3 Unknown         1
#> 10 2020-11-25 16:2~ 2020-11-25 1~ 2020-11-25 16:~            111.  Unknown         2
#> 11 2020-11-27 15:4~ 2020-11-27 1~ 2020-11-27 15:~             17.3 Unknown         2
#> # ... with 13 more variables: et_ed_eng <dbl>, et_ed_eng_other <lgl>, et_ed_whyb <dbl>,
#> #   et_ed_whyb_other <lgl>, et_ed_bplan <dbl>, et_ed_rstr <dbl>, et_ed_rstr_lim <dbl>,
#> #   et_ed_rstr_av <dbl>, et_ed_rstr_del <dbl>, et_ex_eng <dbl>, et_ex_dc <dbl>,
#> #   et_ex_sw <dbl>, et_ex_comp <dbl>

【讨论】：

我尝试根据我的代码调整您的答案（考虑到我作为示例提供的内容与实际代码存在差异），我遇到了一些不同的错误消息，所以我提供了OP 中的 dput 输出。很抱歉！
@apaynereichert 查看我的更新。您需要一种方法来指定要应用此逻辑的列。我认为您只需要以et_ 开头的所有字符列，但如有必要，您可以添加进一步的逻辑测试。最终，指定实际的列名可能更容易，将它们传递到vars() 中并作为across 的第一个参数传递
某些列包含许多 ID。 OP 不清楚是包括所有 ID 还是其中的一部分
非常感谢@AllanCameron。 Onyambu 提出了一个很好的观点。我确实需要多个 ID 的实例在同一个单元格中拥有两个 ID。