Python {NameError} 名称 'self' 未在 __init__ 中定义

Question

我正在制作一个小型 python 脚本/程序，用于根据过滤关键字从某个医学院提取考试问题。

它运行良好。我一直在添加越来越多的功能并提高兼容性，并进行了一些调试。但是，突然之间，脚本一直返回零问题，进入调试模式时，我发现类__init__函数中的一行出现了一个非常奇怪的NameError，它一直运行良好前。我不太确定是什么触发了它，尽管 IIRC 我在代码的那部分做了一些小的调整。

在调试器中查看有问题的变量self.rawQuestions 时，它似乎工作正常，直到某一行代码出现NameError。

另外值得注意的是，在编程方面我是初学者，所以如果这是一个非常愚蠢的错误并有一个明显的解决方案，我不会感到惊讶，如果是这样的话，我很抱歉。但是当我在 google/stackoverflow 搜索类似的错误时，几乎所有的问题都使用了 __init__ 类之外的 self 关键字，这是不同的。

这里摘录一段不相关的代码，错误出现在self.rawQuestions = [x for x...:这一行

class Exam:
    class Course:
        ...
    class Question:
        ...
    def __init__(self, text, path):
        # Add text to text string
        self.text = text

        # Split text into questions
        if re.search(r"(Q|q)uestion", self.text):
            self.rawQuestions = self.text.rsplit("Question")
        elif re.search(r"(F|f)råga", self.text):
            self.rawQuestions = re.split(r"(?:F|f)råga(?=\s)", self.text)
        
        ### ERROR IS ON LINE BELOW ###
        # Filter out any questions containing only "Orzone..."
        self.rawQuestions = [x for x in self.rawQuestions if not re.search(r"^(?<!\w)\s*\d*\s*Orzone\s*AB\s*Gothenburg\s*www\.orzone\.com.*$", x, flags=re.IGNORECASE|re.DOTALL)]

        # Filter out questions containing a question, but with an "Orzone.. or Course at the end"
        self.rawQuestions = [re.sub(r"\sOrzone\s*AB\s*Gothenburg\s*www\.orzone\.com.*$", "", x) for x in self.rawQuestions]

        # Delete course name and semester from questions then filter out empty questions
        self.rawQuestions = [re.sub(rf"\s*[\w ]*{self.course.searchterm}.*[vh]t-?\d\d.*$", "", x) for x in self.rawQuestions]

        self.rawQuestions = [x for x in self.rawQuestions if len(x) < 1]

        # Make a list of question objects using the questions extracted using split
        self.questions = []
        for question in self.rawQuestions:
            self.questions.append(self.Question(question, self))

Answer 1

这里的问题应该是你的 '__ init __' 方法的缩进。尝试像这样更改它：

class Exam:
    def __init__(self, text, path):
        # Add text to text string
        self.text = text

        # Split text into questions
        if re.search(r"(Q|q)uestion", self.text):
            self.rawQuestions = self.text.rsplit("Question")
        elif re.search(r"(F|f)råga", self.text):
            self.rawQuestions = re.split(r"(?:F|f)råga(?=\s)", self.text)

        # Filter out any questions containing only "Orzone..."
        self.rawQuestions = [x for x in self.rawQuestions if not re.search(r"^(?<!\w)\s*\d*\s*Orzone\s*AB\s*Gothenburg\s*www\.orzone\.com.*$", x, flags=re.IGNORECASE|re.DOTALL)]

        # Filter out questions containing a question, but with an "Orzone.. or Course at the end"
        self.rawQuestions = [re.sub(r"\sOrzone\s*AB\s*Gothenburg\s*www\.orzone\.com.*$", "", x) for x in self.rawQuestions]

        # Delete course name and semester from questions then filter out empty questions
        self.rawQuestions = [re.sub(rf"\s*[\w ]*{self.course.searchterm}.*[vh]t-?\d\d.*$", "", x) for x in self.rawQuestions]

        self.rawQuestions = [x for x in self.rawQuestions if len(x) < 1]

        # Make a list of question objects using the questions extracted using split
        self.questions = []
        for question in self.rawQuestions:
            self.questions.append(self.Question(question, self))

    class Course:
        ...
    class Question:
        ...