尝试启动 Rails 服务器时出现语法错误答案

【问题标题】：Syntax error when trying to start rails server尝试启动 Rails 服务器时出现语法错误
【发布时间】：2012-06-05 06:32:21
【问题描述】：

我最近开始从事一个从 github 克隆的项目。

每次我尝试启动 rails 服务器时都会收到以下错误：

/Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:245:in

load': /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config/initializers/session_store.rb:3: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting $end (SyntaxError)
...sion_store :cookie_store, key: '_BillingMiddleware_session'
                              ^
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:245:in

load' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in

load_dependency'
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:245:in

load' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:588 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:587:in

each'
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:587
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in

instance_exec' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in

run'
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in

run_initializers' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in

each'
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in

run_initializers' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:136:in

initialize!'
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in

send' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in

method_missing'
    from /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config/environment.rb:5
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in

require' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in

require'
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in

load_dependency' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in

require'
    from /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config.ru:4
    from /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in

instance_eval' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in

initialize'
    from /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config.ru:1:in

new' 来自 /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config.ru:1

我的同事也在做这个项目，启动服务器似乎没有任何问题。他和我运行相同版本的 ruby、rails 和 WeBrick。

我尝试将语法从 key: 更改为 :key =>，但这应该不是问题，因为我运行的是 ruby 版本 1.9.3。如果我无论如何都进行更改，我会收到不同的错误消息：

/Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:245:in `load': /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/ config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb:8: 语法错误，意外':'，期待 kEND (SyntaxError) wrap_parameters 格式：[:json] ^ 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:245:in `load' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in `load_dependency' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:245:in `load' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:588 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:587:in `each' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/engine.rb:587 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `run_initializers' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `each' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/application.rb:136:in `initialize!' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `send' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/railties-3.2.3/lib/rails/railtie/configurable.rb:30:in `method_missing' 来自 /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config/environment.rb:5 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:236:in `load_dependency' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/activesupport-3.2.3/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:251:in `require' 来自 /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config.ru:4 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `instance_eval' 来自 /Users/thomas/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.3-p194/gems/rack-1.4.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:51:in `initialize' 来自 /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config.ru:1:in `new' 来自 /Users/thomas/Projects/BillingMiddleware/config.ru:1

我已经厌倦了完全删除并重新安装 rvm、ruby 和 rails 几次都没有成功。我也试过运行 bundle install 但没有帮助。

有人知道出了什么问题吗？

谢谢

【问题讨论】：

标签： ruby-on-rails ruby syntax gem rvm

【解决方案1】：

看起来像另一行的哈希语法，在你修复那个之后。检查config/intializers/wrap_parameters.rb，我想知道这个项目是否得到了“不”使用新语法的标志？

【讨论】：

我已经将两者都更改为不使用新语法，但似乎再次在项目中找到更多使用新语法的示例并抱怨它们。该项目是由我的同事自己创建的，所以我非常确定它不会有不使用新语法的标志。他似乎能够毫无问题地启动服务器。
你的ruby -v 说什么？您是否重新启动了控制台选项卡，可能发生了一些奇怪的事情。你在 Lion 上，他在 Snow Leopard 上？
当我运行 ruby -v 它返回 ruby 1.9.3p194（2012-04-20 修订版 35410）[x86_64-darwin11.3.0]。每次我执行更新或安装某些东西时，我都会重新启动我的控制台。是的，我们的两台计算机都运行 10.7.3。

【解决方案2】：

尝试将您的哈希更改为 :key => :value 语法。 Rails 3.1 Deployment to Heroku Error 讨论了相同的错误和修复。建议的临时修复是： config/initializers/session_store.rb

App::Application.config.session_store :cookie_store, :key => '_BillingMiddleware_session'

config/initializers/wrap_parameters.rb

ActionController::Base.wrap_parameters :format => [:json]

【讨论】：

这似乎是解决问题的快速方法。我只是想知道为什么当我运行 Ruby 1.9.3 时它会抱怨这种哈希语法？
您仍在系统中以某种方式使用 ruby 1.8.7。至少你已经启动并运行了。祝你好运。
很多代码已经提交到项目中，虽然有新的语法，但当它为项目的其他成员工作时，将其全部改回旧语法似乎毫无意义。这还有什么我可以尝试的吗？当我运行 ruby -v 我得到 ruby 1.9.3p194 (2012-04-20 修订版 35410) [x86_64-darwin11.3.0] 我正在使用 RVM 而当我运行 rvm list rubies 我只得到 =* ruby-1.9.3 -p194 [ x86_64 ] 我还运行了 rvm use ruby-1.9.3-p194 ，但没有帮助。
您的应用程序的其他部分是否也遇到同样的错误？我认为这只是初始化期间的问题，不会影响应用程序的其余部分。
最初是这种情况，但随着快速修复的实施，我注意到这个问题会影响应用程序中的文件，一旦它们由服务器运行。我的环境中是否还有其他地方可以检查是否默认返回旧版本的 ruby？